The magnetostratigraphy of the Chitarwata and lower Vihowa formations of the Dera Ghazi Khan area, Pakistan

Friedman, Rachel S.; Gee, Jeffrey S.; Tauxe, Lisa; Downing, Kevin F.; Lindsay, Everett H.

doi:10.1016/0037-0738(92)90074-2

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…4). In the Zinda Pir area, the Chitarwata Formation was originally considered as entirely early Miocene in age on the basis of vertebrate fossil assemblages (Downing et al 1993) and preliminary magnetostratigraphical data (Friedman et al 1992). However, Lindsay et al (2005) reinterpreted the magnetostratigraphical sequence of the Zinda Pir area in the light of new biostratigraphical data of Welcomme et al (2001) and assigned an Oligocene-Early Miocene age to the Chitarwata Formation.…”

Section: Stratigraphy Of the Sulaiman Fold And Thrust Belt And Samplimentioning

confidence: 97%

Provenance of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks from the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt, Pakistan: implications for the palaeogeography of the Indus drainage system

Roddaz

Said

Guillot

et al. 2011

JGS

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The provenance of middle Eocene to early Miocene sedimentary rocks cropping out in the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt has been determined examining the mineralogy, bulk-rock major and trace elements, and Nd-Sr isotopes. The older (50-30 Ma) deposits are characterized by a mixed orogenic provenance with a major contribution from the Karakorum and the Tethyan belt (c. 80%). As the 50-30 Ma deposits have a provenance distinct from that of coeval Subathu, Khojak and Ghazij shallow marine formations of India and Pakistan, we propose that they were deposited as a distinct delta system that once fed the Palaeo-Indus fan. We document a major change in provenance that occurred before the early-late Oligocene transition at c. 30 Ma. This change in provenance is marked by the appearance of chlorite and monazite and a shift toward more radiogenic Nd-Sr isotopic compositions. We interpret this change as the result of the exhumation and erosion of the proto-Higher Himalaya. The 30-15 Ma sampled rocks are characterized by a major contribution from the Tethyan belt and the Higher Himalayan Crystallines (70-90%) and a subordinate contribution (10-30%) from the Karakorum, Ophiolitic Suture and Trans-Himalaya. As the åNd(0) values of our 30-15 Ma samples are similar to those of the Palaeo-Indus fan deposits, we suggest that the 30-15 Ma sedimentary rocks of the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt were the fluvial onshore record of the Indus fan. Other coeval deposits of India and Pakistan recorded similar increasing exhumation of the Higher Himalaya range, so that we postulate that these sedimentary rocks all derived from the Palaeo-Indus drainage basin. This would suggest that the modern Indus drainage basin is no younger than 30 Ma.

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Section: Stratigraphy Of the Sulaiman Fold And Thrust Belt And Samplimentioning

confidence: 97%

Provenance of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks from the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt, Pakistan: implications for the palaeogeography of the Indus drainage system

Roddaz

Said

Guillot

et al. 2011

JGS

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“…The Neogene fauna of Pakistan is representative of a southern Asian zoogeographic province that extended eastward to Thailand (Ducrocq et al, 1994), at least during its middle Miocene portion, changing through time by the dispersal of taxa into the region from Africa and Eurasia and by evolutionary changes occurring within the region. The early Miocene is best represented by the Dera Bugti fauna and characterized by large anthracotheres, deinothere and gomphothere proboscideans, and baluchimyine rodents (Raza & Meyer, 1984;Raza et al, 1984;Flynn et al, 1986;Friedman et al, 1992;Downing et al, 1993;Flynn & Cheema, 1994). By 18 Ma, significant microfaunal turnover had occurred (Jacobs et al, 1981;.…”

Section: Stable Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Origin of Grass-Dominated Ecosystems

Jacobs

Kingston

Jacobs

1999

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

546

388

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“…In the Sulaiman Range, the Kirthar Formation is disconformably overlain by the Chitarwata Formation (Hemphill & Kidwai, 1973), for which an Early Miocene age is generally assumed (Raza & Meyer, 1984;Flynn, Jacobs & Cheema, 1986;Friedman et al 1992;Downing et al 1993). Nevertheless, a Late Oligocene to Early Miocene age was originally considered on the basis of the palyno-assemblage from the Toi Nala section (Hemphill & Kidwai, 1973).…”

Section: Stratigraphic and Faunal Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Himalayan Forelands: palaeontological evidence for Oligocene detrital deposits in the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan)

et al. 2001

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In the southwestern Sulaiman geological province (Balochistan, Pakistan), terrestrial detrital facies from the Bugti Hills region have yielded the richest Tertiary vertebrate faunas to be found in Asia thus far. New fossils from five successive and distinct ‘bone beds’ bridge the supposed Oligocene sedimentary hiatus within the Sulaiman geological province; the lowermost continental levels of the previously described Miocene Chitarwata Formation, known as the Bugti Member, are Oligocene in age in the Bugti area. Neither a mixture of heterochronic faunal elements nor endemism of any fauna is evident in this area. Additional microfaunal material from the Bugti Member constrains an Oligocene age for the lower Chitarwata Formation in Zinda Pir (northeast of the Bugti Hills). This Oligocene transition between the marine Kirthar (Eocene) and continental Siwalik (Miocene) deposits consists of a regressive fluvio-deltaic system occupying a vast floodplain. It represents an early-stage molasse in the palaeo-Indus Basin which drained western orogenic highlands resulting from the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates.

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The magnetostratigraphy of the Chitarwata and lower Vihowa formations of the Dera Ghazi Khan area, Pakistan

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Provenance of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks from the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt, Pakistan: implications for the palaeogeography of the Indus drainage system

Provenance of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks from the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt, Pakistan: implications for the palaeogeography of the Indus drainage system

The Origin of Grass-Dominated Ecosystems

Himalayan Forelands: palaeontological evidence for Oligocene detrital deposits in the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan)

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