The magnitude and Associated Factors of Pneumonia Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Alamneh, Yoseph Merkeb; Adane, Fentahun

doi:10.21203/rs.2.21129/v1

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our finding was in agreement with a study done in other parts of Ethiopia ( 15 , 18 ). However, the result of this study was greater than that of the study conducted by Merkeb and Fentahun(20.68%) ( 14 ) and lower than that of a study conducted in Uganda (53.7%) ( 20 ). This difference may be due to the study design (Merkeb and Fentahun conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis) and socioeconomic status variations and health service facility accessibility in the study area for the study in Uganda.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…This study indicated that unvaccinated under-five children were 3.5 times [AOR = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.491–8.662, p = 0.004] more vulnerable to suffering from pneumonia as compared to those children who completed their vaccination (as shown in Table 3 ). This result was supported by different studies conducted on predictors of pneumonia ( 14 , 18 , 24 ). This association could be due to the loss of strong enough immunity for causative agents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The data collection tool was developed after reviewing previously published relevant literature ( 14 , 18 , 19 ). The adopted structured questionnaire included sociodemographic factors, environmental factors, and health facility and childcare factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ethiopia, pneumonia is one the leading causes of death in under-five children, with an estimated contribution of more than 40,000 deaths annually ( 13 , 14 ). These deaths could be prevented by cost-effective interventions like immunization, health education, good nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, and sanitary management ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These deaths could be prevented by cost-effective interventions like immunization, health education, good nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, and sanitary management ( 9 ). Reports showed that the prevalence of pneumonia among under-five children in Ethiopia reached 20.68% ( 14 ). According to a study conducted in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia, the magnitude of pneumonia in under-five children visiting health centers was reported to be 33.5% ( 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of pneumonia and its determinant factors among under-five children in Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia, 2021

Solomon

Kofole²,

Fantaye³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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BackgroundPneumonia, which is a form of acute lower respiratory tract infection, affects the lung parenchyma and destructs alveolar air space. Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children. It was estimated that pneumonia kills 900,000 under-five children each year worldwide. Approximately 172 deaths per 1,000 live births occur in sub-Saharan African countries, with pneumonia being the major cause. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinant factors of pneumonia inunder-five children in southern Ethiopia.MethodologyAn institutional cross-sectional study was employed. A total of 239 child–caregiver pairs were included. Data were collected by trained nurses using a semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data were checked for completeness, coded and entered into EPI data version 4.6, and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Results were reported as the mean, frequency, and percentile. Logistic regression was employed to assess statistically significant predictors of pneumonia. Variables with a p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant factors of pneumonia.ResultThe prevalence of pneumonia in the study area was 30%. Among the factors assessed, place of food cooking—inside the living room [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 5.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.47–13.58], nonexclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI: 1.42–7.52), vitamin A supplementation status (AOR = 5.62, 95% CI: 2.65–11.94), and vaccination status (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.49–8.66) were significantly associated with the occurrence of pneumonia in under-five children.ConclusionThis study showed that the prevalence of pneumonia was relatively higher in Arba Minch town than other parts of the country. Place of food cooking, nonexclusive breastfeeding, vitamin A supplementation status, and vaccination status of children were significant factors of pneumonia among under-five children. Enhancing caregivers’/mothers’ awareness of predicted factors was needed to reduce the incidence of childhood pneumonia and to enhance children's quality of health.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of pneumonia and its determinant factors among under-five children in Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia, 2021

Solomon

Kofole²,

Fantaye³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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Health risk perceptions of household air pollution and perceived benefits of improved stoves among pregnant women in rural Ethiopia: a mixed method study

Habtamu,

Abebe,

Seid

2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveSince community perceptions of the risk of biomass smoke and the benefits of improved stoves play a critical role in behaviour change to the uptake and sustainable utilisation of improved stoves, we aimed to assess the level of health risk perception on kitchen smoke and benefits of using improved stoves among pregnant women.DesignA community-based cross-sectional mixed method study.SettingIn six kebeles of a low-income rural community of South Gondar Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia.ParticipantsAll 455 households with pregnant women aged 18–38 years, in their first-trimester or second-trimester gestation, exclusively use traditional biomass-fuelled or locally modified mud stoves, and the primary cook in her household were included. But completed data were obtained only from 422 households.ResultFrom 422 completed data, more than half, 63% (95% CI 58% to 68%) had high-level health risk perception of household air pollution, and nearly three-fourths, 74% (95% CI 70% to 79%) of the respondents perceived that using improved stove had benefits for their families. Participants in the 32–38 years age group, rich in asset index, presence of under-five children, being a member of any women group and large family size were positively associated with high-level health risk perception. Whereas respondents in the 18–24 years age group, presence of under-five children, husbands of primary or higher education, high health risk perception and not happy with the current stove were positively associated with perceived benefits of using an improved stove.ConclusionThe observed level of health risk perception of biomass smoke and the benefits of using improved stoves may help to adopt effective intervention measures. This study also suggests that for successful intervention, clean cooking programmes and policies must consider many local factors influencing health risk perception and benefits of using improved stoves.Trial registration numberACTR202111534227089.

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Under-five mortality and associated factors in southeastern Ethiopia

Kitila

Petros²,

Jima

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Background In the year 2019, around 5 million children under age five died and most of the deaths happened in developing countries. Though large numbers of deaths are reported in such countries, limited availability of data poses a substantial challenge on generating reliable estimates. Hence, this study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with under-five mortality in southeastern Ethiopia. Methods A register based cross sectional study was conducted from 1st September 2014 to July 2019 in Asella teaching and referral hospital. A total of 4901 under-five age children registered on the admission and discharge book of pediatric ward with complete information were included for the analysis. Data entry and analysis were conducted using Epidata Version 7 and SPSS version 21, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the characteristics of the study participants and their condition at discharge. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with its 95% Confidence interval and P-value less than 5% was used to decide the statistically significant association. Results The prevalence of under-five mortality among admitted children in Asella Teaching and Referral hospital was 8.7% (95% CI 7.91–9.50%). Post-Neonatal and Child mortality were found to be 9.1% and 8.18%, respectively. Moreover, large numbers of death (45.2%) were seen within the first 2 days of admission. Address (AOR:1.4(1.08–1.81)), HIV status (AOR:4.64 (2.19–9.8)), severe acute malnutrition (AOR:2.82 (2.03–3.91)), hypovolemic shock (AOR:4.32 (2.31–8.1)), type I diabetes with DKA (AOR:3.53(1.34–9.29) and length of stay in the hospital for ≤2 days (AOR: 4.28 (3.09–5.95)) as well as 3–4 days (AOR: 1.48 (1.02–2.15)) were among the identified predictors. Conclusions Though childhood mortality is swiftly decreasing, and access and utilization of health care is improving in Ethiopia, our study found large prevalence of under-five mortality, 8.7% and higher number of deaths in early days of admission. Improving the quality of service has a paramount importance in reducing the mortality and managing associated factors contributing to under-five mortality among admitted children.

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The magnitude and Associated Factors of Pneumonia Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence of pneumonia and its determinant factors among under-five children in Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia, 2021

Prevalence of pneumonia and its determinant factors among under-five children in Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia, 2021

Health risk perceptions of household air pollution and perceived benefits of improved stoves among pregnant women in rural Ethiopia: a mixed method study

Under-five mortality and associated factors in southeastern Ethiopia

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