The magnitude of anemia and associated factors among adult diabetic patients in Tertiary Teaching Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, 2019, cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Patients with Diabetic Mellitus are at higher risk of different complications. Many previous studies show that anemia among diabetic patients is poorly diagnosed. Objective This study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of anemia among adult diabetes patients having regular follow up at the diabetic clinic of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, 2018/19. Methods This study was conducted the Diabetic clinic of Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, Tigray regional state, Northern Ethiopia from January to March 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected by experienced laboratory technologists under a complete aseptic technique. Two ml of the venous blood was used for hemoglobin determination. And three ml of the venous blood was used without any anticoagulant for creatinine determination. The association of variables was assessed using bivariate and multivariable analysis in the logistic regression model with p-value, odds ratio, and 95% CI in the SPSS version 24 software. Results From a total of 262 diabetes patients, forty-seven (17.9%) were found to be anemic (6.7% males and 11.5% females). Among the related factors, residency (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 7.69, 95% CI, 2.060, 28.69, p = 0.002,), age of the patients (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 4.007, 95%CI, 1.53–10.51, p = 0.005,) and sex (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 3.434, 95% CI, 1.582, 7.458, p = 0.042,) were significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion According to this study, the magnitude of anemia is high among diabetic patients. Occupation of the participants, residency, HIV status, being female, and age was significantly associated with anemia.

Magnitude and factors associated with anemia among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“… 39 Depending on sample size, two studies have a sample size greater than or equal to 384, 39 , 40 and four studies have a sample size less than 384. 34 , 35 , 38 , 41 Four studies were conducted in the Amhara region, 38 – 41 one study in the Harari region, 35 and one study in the Tigray region 34 Table 1 ). The common associated factors reported by included studies were glomerular filtration rate, sex, duration of diabetes, and age of diabetic patients ( Table 2 ).…”

“…Four studies 34,35,38,40 included in the meta-analysis have revealed that there was no difference among male and female diabetic patients on the occurrence of anemia (POR, 95% CI: 1.2 (0.94-1.52)) with a significant level of heterogeneity (I 2 = 89%, p < 0.001; Figure 8).…”

“…Early diagnosis and management of anemia in diabetes were shown to have improvement of complications, 32 as it happens early in the progression of diabetic nephropathy and other complications. 33 In Ethiopia, some studies have been conducted on the magnitude and associated factors of anemia among patients with diabetes, but their findings were inconsistent ranging from 17.9% 34 to 34.8%. 35 Therefore, this meta-analysis is aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and factors associated with anemia among diabetic patients.…”

Anaemia and its associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Three regional states (provinces) of Ethiopia were represented in the studies: six studies were conducted in Amhara, [20][21][22][23][24][25] 1 study in Tigray, 26 and 2 study in Oromo regional state. 27 Six studies [21][22][23][24]26,28 had used a systematic sampling strategy while the other 3 studies 20,27 used a simple random sampling to select their representative sample. The mean age of study participants ranged from 40 to 56.3 years.…”

Carbonyl Stress in Red Blood Cells and Hemoglobin

“…A decrease in the activity of these enzymes leads to oxidative stress and the accumulation of the oxidized denatured Hb forms, which trigger the eryptosis process (so-called quasi-apoptosis of RBC) [143]. It promotes the development of hemolytic anemia [171], the prevalence of which in patients with diabetes mellitus is estimated at 22% [170] or 18% [172]. Oxidative and carbonyl stress promote the oxidation of intracellular GSH, which is consumed in the reactions with antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase system.…”