The magnitude of erosion‐induced carbon (C) flux and C‐sequestration potential of eroded lands in India

Mandal, Debashis; Giri, Nishita; Srivastava, Pankaj

doi:10.1111/ejss.12886

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…To test this hypothesis, we focussed on the foothills of the Indian Himalayas near Dehradun, Uttarakhand (Figure S1), where approximately 70% of the population is engaged in low input and poor crop‐productivity subsistence farming for their livelihood. The Himalayan region of Uttarakhand covers 4.38 Mha, and 53% of the land here suffers greater than severe erosion rates, which cause the substantial redistribution of soil, sediments and associated SOC (Mandal et al, 2020). However, the contribution of erosion to the net carbon flux is unknown in this eroding hotspot (Bhattacharyya et al, 2012; Mandal et al, 2020; Sharma et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil burial reduces decomposition and offsets erosion‐induced soil carbon losses in the Indian Himalaya

Sankar

Hartley

Cressey

et al. 2021

Global Change Biology

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Soil erosion is the most ubiquitous form of land degradation in sloping landscapes subject to poor land management and increased levels of storm intensity due to climate change (Olsson et al., 2019). More than 70% (130 Mha) of India's arable land area is classified as degraded, largely caused by the intensification of agricultural production in response to rapid population growth (Prăvălie et al., 2021), with 23% classified as having severe or very severe erosion (erosion exceeding 20 t ha −1 year −1 ; Mandal et al., 2020). The Indian Himalayan region is one of the most severe soil erosion hotspots on Earth. Clearance of native vegetation for agriculture on the steeply sloping land here, coincident with high-intensity monsoonal rainfall and intensive tillage (the latter featuring typically low fertiliser inputs, crop residue removal and the loss of soil organic carbon [SOC]), exacerbates the naturally high risk of accelerated soil ero-

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil burial reduces decomposition and offsets erosion‐induced soil carbon losses in the Indian Himalaya

Sankar

Hartley

Cressey

et al. 2021

Global Change Biology

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“…Soil erosion influences soil organic C (SOC) mineralization, migration, and redistribution (Mandal, Giri, & Srivastava, 2019). Of the many types of erosion, water erosion is the most widespread and is the focus of much soil erosion research (Momm, Wells, & Bennett, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment and soil organic carbon loss during continuous extreme scouring events on the Loess Plateau

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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The frequency of extreme hydrological events highlights the need to establish an empirical model of soil organic carbon (SOC) loss based on hydraulic characteristics. This model would aid in understanding and mitigating excessive SOC loss (SOCL) on the Loess Plateau, where severe erosion occurs. To construct such a model, we established five study plots of similar slope in the Loess Plateau: four experimental vegetation successional communities and one bare land control. An in situ field scouring experiment was carried out to measure and analyze soil erosion, hydraulic parameters, and SOCL. The first scour saw the greatest increase in sediment concentration (0.007 g ml−1) and sediment amount (2.886 kg) and the most significant SOC loss (8.361 g). Further scouring in each plot decreased total SOCL. The factors affecting SOCL included soil erodibility (median particle size, sediment concentration, total sediment loss, SOC concentration, total SOCL) and hydrodynamics (runoff depth, power, velocity, and shear force), which accounted for 93 and 29% of SOCL. Flow velocity, especially 2 m from the bottom of the transition section (L2), was most closely correlated to SOC concentration (0.681; P < .05). Flow velocity affects selective migration of sand in sediment, thus affecting SOC concentration. We based our sediment and SOCL model on observed hydrodynamics, including V2 (flow velocity at L2) in said model. Predicted values supported measured values more precisely (R2 > .98). Our findings and developed model aid in predicting SOCL on slopes during severe erosion events.

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“…However, the C emitted by erosion is not accounted for in the GCB. In India, Mandal et al [28] reported that erosion transported about 114.4 Tg of C/yr. of which 34.6 Tg C is emitted into the atmosphere.…”

Section: Water Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of Soil Carbon Transported by Erosional Processes

Lal

2021

Applied Sciences

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The accelerated process of soil erosion by water and wind, responsible for transport and redistribution of a large amount of carbon-enriched sediments, has a strong impact on the global carbon budget. The breakdown of aggregates by erosivity of water (raindrop, runoff) and wind weakens the stability of soil C (organic and inorganic) and aggravates its vulnerability to degradation processes, which lead to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) including CO2, CH4, and N2O, depending on the hydrothermal regimes. Nonetheless, a part of the eroded soil C may be buried, reaggregated and protected against decomposition. In coastal steep lands, (e.g., Taiwan, New Zealand) with a short distance to burial of sediments in the ocean, erosion may be a sink of C. In large watersheds (i.e., Amazon, Mississippi, Nile, Ganges, Indus, etc.) with a long distance to the ocean, however, most of the C being transported is prone to mineralization/decomposition during the transit period and is a source of GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O). Land use, soil management and cropping systems must be prudently chosen to prevent erosion by both hydric and aeolian processes. The so-called plague of the soil, accelerated erosion by water and wind, must be effectively curtailed.

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The magnitude of erosion‐induced carbon (C) flux and C‐sequestration potential of eroded lands in India

Cited by 28 publications

References 72 publications

Soil burial reduces decomposition and offsets erosion‐induced soil carbon losses in the Indian Himalaya

Soil burial reduces decomposition and offsets erosion‐induced soil carbon losses in the Indian Himalaya

Sediment and soil organic carbon loss during continuous extreme scouring events on the Loess Plateau

Fate of Soil Carbon Transported by Erosional Processes

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