The main steps in treatment of the children with otitis media with effusion

Acute Otitis Media-Associated Diarrhea in Children Less than 2 Years Old

“…Assessment of dehydration is according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [11]. Diarrhea was considered as chronic if its duration is more than 14 days, and according to the frequency of bowl motion per 24 h, diarrhea was classified as mild (<6), moderate (6)(7)(8)(9), and sever (>9). Stool samples were sent to the same lab for microscopic stool examination and stool pH, and it was considered invasive diarrhea when stool puss cell or red blood cell is more than 10/HPF and acidic stool when stool pH is less than 5.5 [12].…”

“…As the symptoms of AOM (irritability, a change in sleeping or eating habits, fever, otalgia, otorrhea, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea) are not sensitive nor specific [3], [5], and as without proper treatment, it has serious complications (mastoiditis, labyrinthitis, petrositis, meningitis, brain abscess, hearing loss, lateral and cavernous sinus thrombosis, facial nerve palsy, and others) [5], high suspicion of index should be present and otoscopic ear examination is required. The pneumatic otoscope is the ideal tool [6], [7], as pneumatic methods evaluate tympanic membrane immobility, a reliable sign of middle ear effusion [8], [9], [10]. The reported incidence of diarrhea in non-enteric infections can be questioned, because many cases of diarrhea are adverse events associated with antibiotics [1], so, the present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of AOM in children presented with diarrhea and to describe the characteristics of AOM-associated diarrhea (AOMD) after exclusion of antibiotics as its possible cause.…”