The maize Brown midrib1 locus affects cell wall composition and plant development in a dose-dependent manner

Vermerris, Wilfred; Thompson, Karen; McIntyre, Lauren M.

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800078

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…[101] used sacrificial alumina membranes with a nominal pore diameter of 200 nm as a template for the synthesis of lignin-based nanotubes and nanowires. Caicedo et al [100] used lignin extracted form maize brown midrib1 (bm1) stover containing lignin with increased levels of coniferaldehyde due to its mutation [102]. The template membranes used were treated to increase the number of reactive hydroxyl groups on the surface and subsequently activated with (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES).…”

Section: Production Of Nano-/microsized Lignin Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods

Beisl

Miltner

Friedl

2017

IJMS

167

140

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Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. It has long been obtained as a by-product of cellulose production in pulp and paper production, but had rather low added-value applications. A changing paper market and the emergence of biorefinery projects should generate vast amounts of lignin with the potential of value addition. Nanomaterials offer unique properties and the preparation of lignin nanoparticles and other nanostructures has therefore gained interest as a promising technique to obtain value-added lignin products. Due to lignin’s high structural and chemical heterogeneity, methods must be adapted to these different types. This review focuses on the ability of different formation methods to cope with the huge variety of lignin types and points out which particle characteristics can be achieved by which method. The current research’s main focus is on pH and solvent-shifting methods where the latter can yield solid and hollow particles. Solvent shifting also showed the capability to cope with different lignin types and solvents and antisolvents, respectively. However, process conditions have to be adapted to every type of lignin and reduction of solvent demand or the integration in a biorefinery process chain must be focused.

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Section: Production Of Nano-/microsized Lignin Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods

Beisl

Miltner

Friedl

2017

IJMS

167

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cross sections (thickness 10-15 mm) were made from the upper quarter (stem end) of potatoes from both ZC-free and -affected plants. A modified version of the Wiesner reaction (Vermerris et al 2002;Ruelle et al 2007) was used. Briefly, the Wiesner reaction was performed on freshly cut potato tuber slices by first aliquoting three milliliters of a 2% phloroglucinol ethanol (70%) solution and allowing to incubate for 10 min, followed by a 10 min incubation in 25% HCl.…”

Section: Phloroglucinol Staining (Wiesner Reaction) For Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the extent of lignification in tubers from ZC-affected plants, the phloroglucinol-HCL (Wiesner reaction) method (Vermerris et al 2002;Ruelle et al 2007 employed. In tuber tissue from ZC-free plants (Fig.…”

Section: Trypan Blue Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that Cell Death is Associated with Zebra Chip Disease in Potato Tubers

Miles¹,

Samuel

Chen

et al. 2010

Am. J. Pot Res

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Zebra chip (ZC) is an established and highly destructive disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) that occurs in several southwestern states of the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. The causal agent for this disease has not been identified. However, the bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" and the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), its insect vector, are associated with the disease. Tubers from ZCaffected potato plants exhibit dramatic browning of vascular tissue concomitant with "necrotic flecking" both of which can affect the entire tuber. Upon frying, these tubers develop a characteristic striped pattern of discoloration rendering them unmarketable. These characteristic ZC symptoms in the tubers have been suggested to be associated with general cell death, though no evidence to confirm this hypothesis has been shown. In order to determine if cell death is associated with ZC disease, a series of experiments were undertaken. Cell death was initially quantified by comparing cellular ion leakage from ZC-affected and ZC-free tubers. Levels of ion leakage were found to be significantly higher in ZC-affected tubers compared to ZC-free tubers. To examine further the association of cell death with ZC disease, ZC-affected and ZC-free tubers were compared using classical histochemical staining methods in conjunction with optical microscopy, which revealed layers of dead cells surrounding numerous, small, irregularly-shaped lesions throughout the parenchymatic medullary region, vascular ring and cortex of ZC-affected tubers. This cell death was confirmed using high-resolution, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) of fresh-cut tuber tissue.Resumen Zebra chip (ZC) es una enfermedad establecida y altamente destructiva de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) que se presenta en varios estados del suroeste de los Estados Unidos, México, América Central y Nueva Zelandia. El agente causal de esta enfermedad no ha sido identificado. No obstante, la bacteria "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" y el psílido de la papa Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), su insecto vector, están asociados con la enfermedad. Los tubérculos de plantas afectadas por ZC presentan oscurecimiento dramático del tejido vascular concomitante con "pecas necróticas" que en ambos casos pueden afectar al tubérculo completo. Al freírse, estos tubérculos desarrollan un patrón característico de rayado haciéndolos no comerciales. Se ha sugerido que estos síntomas característicos en los tubérculos estén asociados con muerte general de las células, aún cuando no se ha mostrado evidencia para confirmar esta hipótesis. Se llevaron a cabo varios experimentos a fin de determinar si la muerte de las células está asociada con la enfermedad de ZC. La muerte celular se cuantificó inicialmente comparando el lixiviado iónico celular de tubérculos con y sin ZC. Se encontró que los niveles de iones lixiviados fueron significativamente más altos en tubérculos afectados con ZC comparados con los libres de ZC. Para examinar mas la a...

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“…The pieces were first soaked in deionized water (2×30 min) to remove watersoluble compounds, and in acetone (2×1 h) to remove unbound phenolics. The midribs were stained with the Wiesner reagent (1% (w/v) phloroglucinol in a mixture of 3:1 ethanol/concentrated HCl) for 5 min, as described by Vermerris et al [45]. The mutant lines were visually classified based on the intensity of the staining.…”

Section: Histochemical Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelic Association, Chemical Characterization and Saccharification Properties of brown midrib Mutants of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

et al. 2008

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Genetic improvement of biomass crops can significantly reduce the overall cost of biomass-to-ethanol conversion. The conversion of cellulose to monomeric sugar units is affected by lignin content and composition. Sorghum has attracted the attention of the scientific and industrial community as a promising source of biomass for bioenergy due to its great yield potential and tolerance to stresses. The brown midrib (bmr) mutants of sorghum are characterized by brown vascular tissue associated with altered lignin content. Twenty-eight bmr mutants have been identified since the late 1970s, but the allelic relationships have not been fully established, and the function of only one of the Bmr loci has been unequivocally established. In this study, we combined genetic and chemical approaches to establish that there are mutations at least four independent bmr loci, represented by the bmr2, bmr6, bmr12 and bmr19 groups. Since each allelic group presents unique staining characteristics, rapid classification of emerging bmr lines into the existing groups can be achieved using phloroglucinol-HCl as a histochemical stain. In addition, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, enabled the characterization of changes in subunit lignin composition in each of the allelic groups, to help predict the genes underlying the mutations. Enzymatic saccharification of stover from plants representing each allelic bmr group demonstrated that lignin changes in lines belonging to the bmr2, bmr6 and bmr12 groups can increase glucose yields, up to 25% compared to wild-type isolines. In order to expedite the selection of the bmr mutant alleles in breeding populations, we have developed molecular markers specific for bmr7 and bmr25, two novel mutant alleles of the gene encoding caffeic acid O-methyl transferase. Based on the results from this study, we propose to rename the bmr mutants in a manner that reflects the number of independent loci.

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The maize Brown midrib1 locus affects cell wall composition and plant development in a dose-dependent manner

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods

Lignin from Micro- to Nanosize: Production Methods

Evidence that Cell Death is Associated with Zebra Chip Disease in Potato Tubers

Allelic Association, Chemical Characterization and Saccharification Properties of brown midrib Mutants of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

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