The Maize <i>Zmsmu2</i> Gene Encodes a Putative RNA-Splicing Factor That Affects Protein Synthesis and RNA Processing during Endosperm Development

Chung, Taijoon; Kim, Cheol Soo; Nguyen, Hong‐Ngan; Meeley, Robert B.

doi:10.1104/pp.107.096214

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The BLASTX analysis revealed the chimeric nature of the MuDRcontaining ESTs showing similarity to a predicted pre-mRNA-splicing factor 18-like (XP_004958093). It has been previously reported that MuDR insertion in the first exon of a gene encoding a splicing factor has pleiotropic effects (Chung et al 2007) caused by inefficient rRNA processing in endosperm as well as by up-regulation of ribosomal protein genes (Chung et al 2009). Upregulation of two ribosomal genes, one in the diploid genotype and the other in the tetraploid ones, was also observed in the euploid series (Cervigni et al 2008b, Selva et al 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Repetitive sequences in Eragrostis curvula cDNA EST libraries obtained from genotypes with different ploidy

Romero¹,

Selva²,

Pessino³

et al. 2016

Biologia plant.

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Eragrostis curvula (Schrad) Nees (weeping lovegrass) represents important cultivated forage in semiarid regions, and the most useful cultivars are tetraploid and reproduce by pseudogamous diplosporous apomixis. We previously produced a series of genetically related E. curvula lines that provide a suitable system for the identification of gene(s) involved in diplosporous apomixis and ploidy, including a natural apomictic tetraploid (T), a diploid sexual line (D), and a tetraploid sexual plant (C). A collection of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was generated from cDNA libraries obtained from panicles of the D, T, and C, and leaves of the T. The present study aimed to analyze the repetitive content of these four cDNA libraries and further identify and characterize transposable element (TE)-related ESTs. Repetitive sequences were identified through the interface RepeatMasker (RM) using the database Repbase Update and further classification of TEs was performed manually from the RM output. The different contribution of ESTs with identity to TEs among libraries was further evaluated, and such differences were validated through RT-qPCR. We found that the percentage of repetitive content in the leaf cDNA library was almost double than in inflorescence libraries, with retrotransposons contributing mostly in all libraries. The expression of TE-related ESTs was compared in cDNA samples extracted from D, T, and C leaves or inflorescences revealing that seven mRNAs containing MuDR-like DNA transposons, Gypsy-like, and Copia-like retrotransposons were differentially represented according to tissue, reproductive mode, or ploidy. The euploid series of Eragrostis curvula is a useful model to the study of epigenomic changes produced after changes in ploidy. The present work constitutes the first detailed report on repetitive sequences of Eragrostis curvula at the transcriptome level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Repetitive sequences in Eragrostis curvula cDNA EST libraries obtained from genotypes with different ploidy

Romero¹,

Selva²,

Pessino³

et al. 2016

Biologia plant.

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“…In plants, a variety of RNA splicing factors have been shown to have specific roles in abiotic stress tolerance and flowering time (reviewed in Lorković , 2009). Mutants and misexpression transgenics of both U2 and U12 splicing factors can have pleiotropic developmental defects (Lopato et al, 1999;Kalyna et al, 2003;Ali et al, 2007;Chung et al, 2007;Coury et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2010). Most plant genes contain introns that must be removed for protein expression; therefore, RNA splicing should be an essential function for cell viability.…”

Section: Weak Alleles Of Rgh3 Reveal Developmental Roles For Maize Urpmentioning

confidence: 99%

MaizeRough Endosperm3Encodes an RNA Splicing Factor Required for Endosperm Cell Differentiation and Has a Nonautonomous Effect on Embryo Development

et al. 2011

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Endosperm and embryo development are coordinated via epigenetic regulation and signaling between these tissues. In maize (Zea mays), the endosperm-embryo signals are not known, but endosperm cellularization is a key event for embryos to form shoots and roots. We screened seed mutants for nonautonomous functions in endosperm and embryo development with genetically nonconcordant seeds and identified the recessive mutant rough endosperm3 (rgh3). The wild-type Rgh3 allele is required in the endosperm for embryos to develop and has an autonomous role in embryo and seedling development. Endosperm cell differentiation is defective in rgh3. Results from endosperm cell culture indicate that rgh3 mutants remain in a proliferative state through mid-seed development. Rgh3 encodes the maize U2AF 35 Related Protein (URP), an RNA splicing factor involved in both U2 and U12 splicing. The Rgh3 allele produces at least 19 alternative splice variants with only one isoform encoding a full-length ortholog to URP. The full-length RGH3a isoform localizes to the nucleolus and displays a speckled pattern within the nucleoplasm, and RGH3a colocalizes with U2AF 65 . A survey of alternatively spliced transcripts found that, in the rgh3 mutant, a fraction of noncanonical splicing events are altered. Our findings suggest that differentiation of maize endosperm cell types is necessary for embryos to develop. The molecular cloning of Rgh3 suggests that alternative RNA splicing is needed for cell differentiation, development, and plant viability.

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“…For pull-down experiments where GST fusion proteins were used as a bait protein, cell lysates containing the fused target proteins with a 6XHis tag were prepared in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 8.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 1 mM EDTA, and 0.2 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride) containing 1% (v/v) Triton X-100. Purification of GST and GST-ZmSMU2 was performed as described by Chung et al (2007). Cell lysates containing 0.1 to 0.5 mg of target proteins were preincubated with 0.5 mg of GST and 50 mL of a 50% (v/v) glutathione-agarose slurry (Sigma) at 4°C for 1 h. The cleared cell lysates were added to 50 mL of a 50% (v/v) glutathioneagarose slurry and 10 mg of GST, GST-AtSMU2, or GST-ZmSMU2 protein.…”

Section: Expression Of Recombinant Proteins In Escherichia Coli and Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant SMU-1 and SMU-2 Homologues Regulate Pre-mRNA Splicing and Multiple Aspects of Development

et al. 2009

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In eukaryotes, alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs contributes significantly to the proper expression of the genome. However, the functions of many auxiliary spliceosomal proteins are still unknown. Here, we functionally characterized plant homologues of nematode suppressors of mec-8 and unc-52 (smu). We compared transcript profiles of maize (Zea mays) smu2 endosperm with those of wild-type plants and identified pre-mRNA splicing events that depend on the maize SMU2 protein.Consistent with a conserved role of plant SMU-2 homologues, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) smu2 mutants also show altered splicing of similar target pre-mRNAs. The Atsmu2 mutants occasionally show developmental phenotypes, including abnormal cotyledon numbers and higher seed weights. We identified AtSMU1 as one of the SMU2-interacting proteins, and Atsmu1 mutations cause similar developmental phenotypes with higher penetrance than Atsmu2. The AtSMU2 and AtSMU1 proteins are localized to the nucleus and highly prevalent in actively dividing tissues. Taken together, our data indicated that the plant SMU-1 and SMU-2 homologues appear to be involved in splicing of specific pre-mRNAs that affect multiple aspects of development.Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential process where the spliceosome removes introns from pre-mRNAs, and it can lead to more than one splice variant (SV), resulting in the production of different proteins. Alternative splicing has been found to be an important regulatory process in global gene expression, since the splicing pattern of a pre-mRNA can vary in different cell types and at different developmental stages as well as in response to environmental cues (Black, 2003). A model of combinatorial control for pre-mRNA splicing was proposed to explain the apparent complexity of splicing, as the protein complex controlling splice site selection consists of positive-and negative-acting factors (e.g. Ser/Arg-rich [SR] proteins and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins [hnRNPs], respectively, that have synergistic and antagonistic interactions; Smith and Valcarcel, 2000;Black, 2003). The balance between splicing factors determines the pattern of pre-mRNA splicing, but tissue-specific regulators appear to be crucial for determining alternative splicing patterns between tissues.The spliceosome consists of a group of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and proteins that are recruited to premRNAs to remove introns (Jurica and Moore, 2003). Recent proteomic analyses of human spliceosomal complexes (Neubauer et al., 1998;Hartmuth et al., 2002;Jurica et al., 2002;Makarov et al., 2002;Rappsilber et al., 2002;Zhou et al., 2002;Bessonov et al., 2008) revealed nearly 300 putative spliceosomal proteins. Only a fraction of these proteins constitute the catalytic core components for pre-mRNA splicing, while the others are believed to be auxiliary factors. Some of these auxiliary proteins appear to be sequence-specific splicing factors (i.e. recruited to certain sets of pre-mRNAs) or their associated proteins and provide communication links between spl...

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The Maize Zmsmu2 Gene Encodes a Putative RNA-Splicing Factor That Affects Protein Synthesis and RNA Processing during Endosperm Development

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Repetitive sequences in Eragrostis curvula cDNA EST libraries obtained from genotypes with different ploidy

Repetitive sequences in Eragrostis curvula cDNA EST libraries obtained from genotypes with different ploidy

MaizeRough Endosperm3Encodes an RNA Splicing Factor Required for Endosperm Cell Differentiation and Has a Nonautonomous Effect on Embryo Development

Plant SMU-1 and SMU-2 Homologues Regulate Pre-mRNA Splicing and Multiple Aspects of Development

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