The maize zein gene zE19 contains two distinct promoters which are independently activated in endosperm and anthers of transgenic Petunia plants

Quattrocchio, Francesca; Tolk, Marianne A.; Coraggio, Immacolata; Mol, J.A.; Viotti, Angelo; Koes, Ronald

doi:10.1007/bf00017726

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Although the discovery that GUS reporter protein is present in pollen of plants transformed with phas/uidA constructs suggests that the chimeric phas promoter constructs can be useful for studies of microsporogenesis, it is conceivable that the expression of reporter constructs in transgenic tobacco does not accurately reflect the natural expression of phas in bean. However, together with the previous report of zein mRNA in corn pollen (Quattrocchio et al, 1990), our findings suggest that additional experiments are warranted to explore the possibility that seed storage proteins may be important in pollen maturation and germination.…”

Section: Phas Promoter Expression During Embryo and Endosperm Developsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…These observations suggest that some regulatory mechanisms for gene expression are shared during pollen and seed formation. Evidence for the expression of the maize storage protein zein gene in pollen was obtained by Quattrocchio et al (1990), who detected zein mRNA in maize anthers. Additionally, anther-specific genes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were found to be expressed in endosperm (Eyal et al, 1995).…”

Section: Do Seed Storage Proteins Function During Pollen Development?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Ablation Reveals That Expression from the Phaseolin Promoter Is Confined to Embryogenesis and Microsporogenesis

et al. 1995

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Most previous studies of the 0-phaseolin (phas) gene, which encodes the major storage protein in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), have shown its expression to be rigorously confined t o the developing seed, both i n bean and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana fabacum L. cv Xanthi) plants. To confirm unequivocally the lack of phas expression in vegetative tissues, we placed the diphtheria toxin A-chain (DT-A) coding region under the control of P-phaseolin promoter sequences. Tobacco plants transgenic for phas/DT-A were phenotypically normal until flowering, when they produced anthers that were externally normal but contained no viable pollen. Microscopic examination of immature anthers revealed a normal tapetum, but the pollen mother cells did not undergo meiosis and subsequently degenerated, resulting in male-sterile plants. This demonstration of phas expression during microsporogenesis was corroborated by the expression of 0-glucuronidase in pollen of plants transformed with comparable phas/uidA constructs. Although these findings suggested that similarities i n phas expression may exist between seed and pollen maturation, no phas activity could be detected in bean pollen. After fertilization of the DT-Atransformed plants with pollen from wild-type tobacco, 50% of the resulting embryos aborted at the heart stage, defining this as the earliest time for phas expression during embryogenesis.

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Section: Phas Promoter Expression During Embryo and Endosperm Developsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Do Seed Storage Proteins Function During Pollen Development?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Ablation Reveals That Expression from the Phaseolin Promoter Is Confined to Embryogenesis and Microsporogenesis

et al. 1995

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“…The (39). In plant systems, the usage of alternative promoters in tissue and developmentally regulated gene expression was demonstrated so far for chalcone flavanone isomerase (45) and the maize zein gene zE19 (36), two genes which are not housekeeping genes. The rp121 and rpsl genes might therefore be representative -of a novel group of nuclear genes, coding for chloroplast proteins with an a priori housekeeping function, which is under a special two-promoter control.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and expression of the nuclear gene coding for the chloroplast ribosomal protein L21: developmental regulation of a housekeeping gene by alternative promoters.

Lagrange¹,

Franzetti²,

Axelos³

et al. 1993

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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We have cloned and sequenced the nuclear gene of the chloroplast ribosomal protein L21 (rpI2l) of Spinacia oleracea. The gene consists of five exons and four introns. All introns are located in the sequence which corresponds to the Escherichia coli-like central core of the protein. L21 mRNA is present in photosynthetic (leaves) and nonphotosynthetic (roots and seeds) plant organs, although large quantitative differences exist. Primer extension and Si nuclease mapping experiments revealed the existence of two types of transcripts in leaves. The two corresponding start sites were defined as P1 and P2. In roots and seeds, we found only the shorter of the two transcripts (initiated at P2). The nucleotide sequence surrounding P2 resembles promoters for housekeeping and vertebrate r-protein genes. Analysis of several promoter constructions by transient expression confirmed that both transcripts originate from transcription initiation. Results are interpreted to mean that the expression of the rpI21 gene is regulated by alternative promoters. One of the promoters (P2) is constitutive, and the other one (P1) is specifically induced in leaves, i.e., its activation should be related to the transformation of amyloplasts or proplastids to chloroplasts. The gene thus represents the first example of a housekeeping gene which is regulated by the organ-specific usage of alternative promoters. Primer extension analysis and S1 nuclease mapping of another nucleus-encoded chloroplast ribosomal protein gene (rpsl) give evidence that the same type of regulation by two-promoter usage might be a more general phenomenon of plant chloroplast-related ribosomal protein genes. Preliminary results indicate the presence of conserved sequences within the rpl2l and rpsl promoter regions which compete for the same DNA binding activities.Plastids are essential components of plant cells. Depending on their function within a defined plant tissue or organ, plastids differentiate into several types of organelles. They are present as chloroplasts in photosynthetically active cells of leaves, as amyloplasts and proplastids in root cells and seeds, and as chromoplasts in fruit and flower cells.The transformation of plastids into these specialized types of organelles is necessarily based on changes in gene expression within the organelles as well as changes in the expression of nuclear-encoded plastid proteins. These changes concern the induction and/or repression of the expression of plastid-specific genes, but they also have to include modulated expression of genes which are necessary for the genetic functions of all types of organelles. In this respect, we are especially interested in how different types of plastids maintain their translational capacities, e.g., in the regulation of ribosomal gene expression during plastid differentiation.The present knowledge on ribosomal gene expression originates mainly from studies of procaryotic and animal systems. It has been shown previously that the rate of ribosome formation is adapted to the individual cell...

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“…Heavy-type zein genes were clearly proven to be O2 regulated by the analysis of o2T and o2R genotypes (Viotti et al, 1982;Schmidt et al, 1987). In general, the upstream sequences of zein genes contain two promoters, the distal P1 and the proximal P2, separated by about 1,000 nucleotides (Langridge and Feix, 1983;Quattrocchio et al, 1990;Giovinazzo et al, 1992). Experimental evidence indicated that, in both promoter regions, functional binding sites for O2, O2 coactivators such as PBF, or other transcriptional activators are present (Maier et al, 1987;Schmidt et al, 1990;VicenteCarbajosa et al, 1997).…”

Section: O2 and O2-defective Proteins Form A Complex With Functional mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a further, more distal, promoter, P1, is also able to drive zein gene transcription. P1 and P2 share their consensus sequences, are able to give rise to long and short transcripts, respectively, and both promote reporter gene expression in homologous or heterologous cell-tissue systems (Langridge and Feix, 1983;Quattrocchio et al, 1990;Giovinazzo et al, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Wild-Type Opaque2 and Defective opaque2 Polypeptides Form Complexes in Maize Endosperm Cells and Bind the Opaque2-Zein Target Site

Gavazzi¹,

Lazzari²,

Ciceri³

et al. 2007

Plant Physiol.

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The Opaque2 (O2) basic leucine (Leu)-zipper transcriptional activator controls the expression of several genes in maize (Zea mays). We investigated the phosphorylation extent of wild-type O2 and mutant-defective or mutant-truncated o2 polypeptides in endosperm cells, their subcellular localization, participation in complex formation, and involvement in functional activity. Besides wild type, four mutant alleles (o2T, o2-52, o2It, and o2-676) producing o2 polypeptides and a null transcript allele (o2R) were considered. Observing the effects of these mutations, multiphosphorylation events in O2 or o2 proteins were confirmed and further investigated, and the involvement of both the nuclear localization signal (NLS)-B and Leu-zipper domains in proper targeting to the nucleus was ascertained. The absence of these domains in the o2T and o2It-S mutant-truncated forms holds them within the cytoplasm, where they are partially phosphorylated, whereas the presence of NLS-B and a partial Leuzipper domain in o2-52 distributes this mutant-truncated form in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Although mutated in the NLS-B domain, the o2It-L and o2-676 mutant-defective forms are, respectively, partially or completely distributed into the nucleus. Only wild-type O2 and mutant-defective o2 polypeptides bearing the Leu-zipper are able to form complexes whose components were proven to bind the O2-zein target site by in vitro analyses. The transcription of a subset of H-zein genes as well as H-zein polypeptide accumulation in several o2-mutant-defective genotypes indicate the in vivo involvement of o2-mutant-defective proteins in O2-zein target site recognition. The gathered information broadens our knowledge on O2 functional activity and our view on possible quality protein maize trait manipulation or plant transformation via the utilization of cisgenic elements.

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The maize zein gene zE19 contains two distinct promoters which are independently activated in endosperm and anthers of transgenic Petunia plants

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Cell Ablation Reveals That Expression from the Phaseolin Promoter Is Confined to Embryogenesis and Microsporogenesis

Cell Ablation Reveals That Expression from the Phaseolin Promoter Is Confined to Embryogenesis and Microsporogenesis

Structure and expression of the nuclear gene coding for the chloroplast ribosomal protein L21: developmental regulation of a housekeeping gene by alternative promoters.

Wild-Type Opaque2 and Defective opaque2 Polypeptides Form Complexes in Maize Endosperm Cells and Bind the Opaque2-Zein Target Site

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