The major HIV-1 packaging signal is an extended bulged stem loop whose structure is altered on interaction with the gag polyprotein

Zeffman, Amanda; Hassard, Stuart; Varani, Gabriele; Lever, Andrew M. L.

doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3960

Cited by 25 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…For HIV-1, there is a consensus that the region between the major SD and the Gag initiation codon is site y (Lever et al, 1989;Clavel & Orenstein, 1990;Aldovini & Young, 1990). This region has been studied by two-and three-dimensional analysis and a conserved helix-loop structure which changes shape as the Gag protein binds to it has been identified (De Guzman et al, 1998;Zeffman et al, 2000). In HIV-2, the y site is more controversial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The packaging signal of simian immunodeficiency virus is upstream of the major splice donor at a distance from the RNA cap site similar to that of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2

Strappe

Greatorex

Thomas

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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The packaging signal of simian immunodeficiency virus is upstream of the major splice donor at a distance from the RNA cap site similar to that of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 Deletion mutation of the RNA 59 leader sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was used to localize the virus packaging signal. Deletion of sequences upstream of the major splice donor (SD) site produced a phenotype most consistent with a packaging defect when analysed by both RNase protection assay and RT-PCR. Sequences downstream of the SD were deleted and produced varying effects but did not affect packaging: a large downstream deletion had little effect on function, whereas a nested deletion produced a profound replication defect characterized by reduced protein production. Secondary structure analysis provided a potential explanation for this. The major packaging signal of SIV appears to be upstream of the SD in a region similar to that of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) but unlike that of HIV-1; however, the packaging signal of all three viruses are at a similar distance from their respective cap sites. This conserved positioning suggests that it is more important in the virus life cycle than the position of the signal relative to the SD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The packaging signal of simian immunodeficiency virus is upstream of the major splice donor at a distance from the RNA cap site similar to that of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2

Strappe

Greatorex

Thomas

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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“…If, however, the results suggesting that L1 and L3 specifically inhibit genomic RNA encapsidation are significant, one might conclude that blocking this particular stage of the life cycle requires a longer antisense sequence, possibly more capable of maintaining a stable RNA duplex than shorter sequences. Recent studies examining secondary structure of the SD/ region have supported the concept that there is considerable unwinding of stem loop structures in this region accompanying its interaction with Gag protein 24 and longer antisense sequences may be necessary to prevent their interaction with Gag.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisense RNA sequences targeting the 5′ leader packaging signal region of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 inhibits viral replication at post-transcriptional stages of the life cycle

Chadwick

Lever

2000

Gene Ther

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Antisense RNA has proven a potent inhibitor of gene expression and has the potential to inhibit retroviral replication at a number of stages in the virus life cycle by targeting both viral and cellular RNA sequences. Antisense RNA complementary to three target regions in the 5Ј leader/LTR of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the TAR region, the primer binding site and the splice donor (SD)-packaging signal ( ) region were stably expressed from the CMV IE promoter in Jurkat cells, and expression confirmed by RT-PCR. When challenged with HIV-1, cell lines expressing antisense RNA targeting the SD/ region showed significant inhibition of replication (at up to 10 6 TCID 50/ml). These sequences were also expressed in lymphocytes after transduction using recombinant retroviruses and one sequence complementary to the SD/ region inhibited replication of HIV-1. A co-transfection

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“…Full length (unspliced) HIV-1 RNA has two functions: it both acts as a template for Gag and Gag-Pol translation and as genomic RNA that is packaged into virions (Ganser -Pornillos et al, 2012 ). The packaging signal that is recognized by Gag is in the 5 ′ untranslated region where translation initiation factors also bind (Hayashi et al , 1992 ;Zeffman et al , 2000 ). It is likely that there is a competition between Gag translation and Gag mediated packaging.…”

Section: Innate Immune and Virus Associated Functions Of Abce1 Revisitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rustless translation

Hopfner

2012

Biological Chemistry

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: ATP binding cassette proteins are a large and diverse family of molecular machines and include transmembrane transporter, chromosome maintenance and DNA repair proteins, and translation factors. However, the function of the ABCE1, the only member of subfamily E of ABC proteins, remained mysterious for over a decade, even though it is perhaps the most conserved ABC protein in eukaryotes and archaea. Recent results have now identified ABCE1 as the ribosome-recycling factor of eukaryotes and archaea. Thus, two iron-sulfur clustersthe hallmark feature of ABCE1 -help catalyze an integral step of the translational cycle at the core of the protein synthesis machinery.

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The major HIV-1 packaging signal is an extended bulged stem loop whose structure is altered on interaction with the gag polyprotein

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

The packaging signal of simian immunodeficiency virus is upstream of the major splice donor at a distance from the RNA cap site similar to that of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2

The packaging signal of simian immunodeficiency virus is upstream of the major splice donor at a distance from the RNA cap site similar to that of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2

Antisense RNA sequences targeting the 5′ leader packaging signal region of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 inhibits viral replication at post-transcriptional stages of the life cycle

Rustless translation

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