The male–female gap in physician earnings: evidence from a public health insurance system

Theurl, Engelbert; Winner, Hannes

doi:10.1002/hec.1663

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this paper, unlike the previous literature which has examined gender differences in income (Bashaw and Heywood, 2001;McNabb and Wass, 2006;Theurl and Winner, 2010;Wood et al, 1993), we test for and correct potential endogeneity bias using two stage least squares (2SLS) rather than OLS.…”

Section: Endogeneity Of Hoursmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In medicine marked gender differences in income and hourly pay are reported in many countries (Robinson, 1998;Gupta et al, 2003;Theurl and Winner, 2010).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Shih and Konrad (2007) report that in 1996/1997 male primary care physicians had log incomes 23% higher and log wages 14% higher than female primary care physicans after controlling for a large range of factors. The only non-US study reports a 32% pro-male total difference in log income and a 15% unexplained difference for Austrian physicians in 2002-2004 in a public insurance system in which fees are controlled by the insurance fund (Theurl and Winner, 2010).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Measuring and testing for gender discrimination in physician pay: English family doctors

Gravelle

Hole

Santos

2011

Journal of Health Economics

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Section: Endogeneity Of Hoursmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In medicine marked gender differences in income and hourly pay are reported in many countries (Robinson, 1998;Gupta et al, 2003;Theurl and Winner, 2010).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measuring and testing for gender discrimination in physician pay: English family doctors

Gravelle

Hole

Santos

2011

Journal of Health Economics

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“…1 Wide gaps of 15%, 24%, and 30% have also been reported in Austria (Theurl and Winner, 2011), Australia (Cheng et al, 2011), andEngland (Gravelle et al, 2011), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

One Man's Blessing, Another Woman's Curse? Family Factors and the Gender-Earnings Gap of Doctors

et al. 2012

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. Using data from a new longitudinal survey of doctors from Australia, the authors test whether observed large gender-pay gaps among general practitioners (GPs) are the result of women's larger willingness to interrupt their careers. On average, female GPs earn A$83,000 or 54% less than male GPs. The difference between men and women with children is A$105,000, and A$45,000 for men and women without children. Of this gap, 66-75% is explained by differences in observable characteristics such as hours worked. The family gap emerges also within the sexes. Female GPs with children experience an earnings penalty of A$15,000-A$25,000 in comparison to women without children; almost 100% of this difference is due to observable characteristics such as hours worked and career interruptions. Male GPs with children experience a family premium of A$35,000 in comparison to men without children, indicating the presence of a breadwinner effect that exacerbates the genderearnings gap.JEL Classification: J24

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“…The share of lump-sum payments to total physician earnings varies widely over different fields of specialization. At an aggregate level, it amounts to about 68 percent for CGPs and around 34 percent for CSPs [37]. The fee-for-service component of remuneration includes earning caps, inducing decreasing marginal revenues per patient and treatment.…”

Section: Institutional Background and Main Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physician density in a two-tiered health care system

et al. 2012

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We investigate the density of non-contract (private) physicians in a two-tiered health care system, i.e., one with co-existing public and private health care providers. In particular, we analyze how the densities of private and public suppliers of outpatient health care (general practitioners and specialists) are related to each other. Using a panel of 121 Austrian districts between 2002 and 2008, we apply a Hausman–Taylor estimator, which allows to treat each of these densities as endogenous. We find that the density of non-contract specialists is positively associated with the density of non-contract general practitioners, but not significantly related to the density of contract general practitioners. We also observe a negative relationship between the densities of non-contract and contract general practitioners and the ones of non-contract and contract specialists, indicating competitive forces between the private and the public sector of the outpatient health care provision in Austria. Our results contribute to the ongoing debate on the role of non-contract physicians for health care provision in Austria.

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The male–female gap in physician earnings: evidence from a public health insurance system

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Measuring and testing for gender discrimination in physician pay: English family doctors

Measuring and testing for gender discrimination in physician pay: English family doctors

One Man's Blessing, Another Woman's Curse? Family Factors and the Gender-Earnings Gap of Doctors

Physician density in a two-tiered health care system

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