The Male Gametophyte of Abies

Hutchinson, A. H.

doi:10.1086/331237

Cited by 9 publications

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“…5q, u). Prothallial cells with capacity for further cell division have also been described in several species in the Pinaceae, such as Picea excelsa (Miyake 1903;Pollock 1906) and Abies balsamea (Hutchinson 1914). This implies that prothallial cells may not be senescent and that their proliferation sometimes may be required to supplement the tube nucleus in the control and development of the pollen tubes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of male gametophyte of Larix leptolepis Gord. with emphasis on diffuse stage of meiosis

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2008

Plant Cell Rep

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A basic developmental framework of the Larix leptolepis Gord male gametophyte is presented in detail by squashing technique. The duration of the meiosis stage was more than 6 months, and included a long diffuse stage during winter. This long duration of the diffuse appearance of the diplotene stage makes L. leptolepis a unique suitable experimental material for studying the structure and function of the diffuse stage of meiosis. In particular, the processes of desynapsing and unpairing, which so far have received little attention, can be examined in detail. In L. leptolepis, the chromosomes undergo a dramatic structural reorganization during the diffuse diplotene stage. Based on the clearly visible differences in chromosome morphology, the diffuse diplotene stage was divided into four periods with suggested nomenclature as follows: schizonema, pre-diffuse diplotene, diffuse diplotene and post-diffuse diplotene. Both simultaneous and successive microsporogenesis were observed within L. leptolepis, and there was no strict relationship between the microsporogenesis types and the tetrad configurations, which are strongly influenced by spindle orientation, especially during meiosis II. The mature pollen grain at pollination consists of five cells aligned in an axial row. The prothallial cells cannot be regarded as senescent cells because they remain capable of division.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of male gametophyte of Larix leptolepis Gord. with emphasis on diffuse stage of meiosis

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2008

Plant Cell Rep

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“…Thibout, 1896; Miyake, 1903 ; Pollock, 1906; Hutchinson, 1915 a), Pseudolarix (Miyake & Yasui, 1911) and occasionally Pseudotsuga (Thibout, 1896; Allen, 1943). Indeed, not infrequently in Abies the spermatogenous cell will divide, forming two male gametes even before pollination (Hutchinson, 1914;Smith, 1923) or shortly afterwards, on the nucellus (Hutchinson, 1915 b). The Pinus condition has been found in a species of Keteleeria (Hutchinson, 1917) and in Pseudotsuga normally (Lawson, 1909;Allen, 1943).…”

Section: ;mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 G), division of the sterile cell to form two derivative cells, division of the tube nucleus in two and the production of bi-antheridial gametophytes, as shown in Text- fig. 6H (Hutchinson, 1914;1915u;Pollock, 1906;Jurinyi, 1882). Whether these abnormalities reflect a stage of past history, in which primitive capabilities have been retained, or whether they represent a metabolic upset during development is not readily ascertainable.…”

Section: ;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the Male Gametophyte in Gymnosperms

Sterling

1963

Biological Reviews

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Summary Analysis of the morphological nature of the gymnospermous male gametophyte has been based on evidence from fossil gymnosperms, on a comparative survey of living vascular plants, and on ontogeny within the various families of the gymnosperms. Although fossil coniferous and taxad pollen is unknown, the fossil pollen of other gymnosperms is rather uniform in the presence of a layer of parietal cells (presumably an antheridial jacket) which surrounds a central, probably spermatogenous region. The same organization occurs in endosporal gametophytes of lower Tracheophyta of the present day. Reduction in the number of vegetative prothallial cells appears to have occurred early in gymnosperm evolution, so that the male gametophyte may be regarded essentially as a reduced antheridium. Between the fossil gymnosperms and the present forms there has occurred a reduction of the antheridial jacket and the corresponding production of a pollen tube. For various reasons, the balance of probability is in favour of a homology between the antheridial jacket of Palaeozoic gymnosperms and the tube cell of modern gymnosperms. In the lower tracheophytes and in Cordaimthus and the Recent gymnosperms, a polar organization of the endosporal male gametophyte is characteristic. On several grounds, it is shown that in this structure the presence of an antheridial stalk is precluded, and that therefore the use of the term ‘stalk cell’ is greatly in error. The cell which is often called ‘stalk cell’ is potentially–sometimes actually–spermatogenous and is sister to the virile spermatogenous cell. It is frequently sterile, however, and is therefore recognized here as the ‘sterile cell’. In the evolution of the Coniferales and the Taxales (as well as in the lower Tracheophyta) disappearance of the prothallial cells from the male gametophyte is a characteristic trend. Prothallial cells are lacking in the Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae, Cephalotaxaceae and Taxaceae. (However, in two families, Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae, there has developed a secondary proliferation of the prothallial cells). Recognition of the same trend in the Chlamydospermophyta and consideration of details of ontogeny indicate that prothallial cells must be absent from the gametophytes of Welevitschia and Gnetum. In these, the embryonal cell functions as an antheridial initial and produces a tube and a generative cell. The generative cell then divides into spermatogenous and sterile cells. Later, two male gametes result from division of the spermatogenous cell. Based on the morphological analyses indicated above, a terminology has been proposed which attempts to recognize morphological identities but does accept non‐committal terms of common usage, as long as they do not violate the morphological concepts. A representative synonymy is given, and some examples of the use of the suggested terminology are shown. Details of the ontogeny of the male gametophyte in the conifer and taxad families have been reviewed. Although many genera are still completely unknown, it appears c...

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“…inapplicable to the podocarps and A bies (26), which has recently been shown to form regularly a considerable proportion of pollen grains with 3 or 4 prothallial cells. Either these widely separated cases are to be explained as a heritage from more or less remote ancestors, or as remarkable examples of the revival of abandoned structures, or as the still more remarkable origination of apparently useless structures.…”

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The Origin and Relationships of the Araucarians. II

Burlingame¹

1915

Botanical Gazette

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The abietinean theory This theory has developed more or less gradually and can best be understood by tracing the historical sequence of discovery and the ideas of relationship that have grown out of them. i. Foremost in time and importance was the discovery that the steles of ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms are characterized by a leaf gap opposite the departing leaf trace. To this group was given the name Pteropsida. To the remaining groups of vascular plants the name Lycopsida was applied. This conception grew out of the investigations of the anatomy of Equisetum (27), the stem of angiosperms (28), and the structure and development of the stem in pteridophytes and gymnosperms (29). This distinction between these two great groups has been widely accepted by botanists and has formed one of the most fundamental objections in the minds of many (I6, 53) to the lycopod theory. It has been questioned by the adherents of the latter theory (54, 6i), but only in so far as to deny that a phyllosiphonic siphonostele (Araucarineae and possibly other conifers) might have arisen from a lycopod ancestry. The contention is that this type of stele is merely one of the important milestones along the evolutionary highway along which all vascular plants tend to travel. It is conceived to be in the same category as the heterosporic habit, the seed habit, and the tendency to reduce the size of the gametophytes.

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The Male Gametophyte of Abies

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Development of male gametophyte of Larix leptolepis Gord. with emphasis on diffuse stage of meiosis

Development of male gametophyte of Larix leptolepis Gord. with emphasis on diffuse stage of meiosis

Structure of the Male Gametophyte in Gymnosperms

The Origin and Relationships of the Araucarians. II

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