The Male Hindwing Costal Roll in Cochylina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Morphological Variation, Phylogenetic Distribution, and Relationship to Host Utilization

Abstract

This is the first morphological study of the male hindwing costal roll (CR), a scent organ of tortricid moths of the subtribe Cochylina (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). This composite organ varies from a simple membranous roll of the hindwing costa to a complex roll that incorporates a hairpencil and two types of microscales. All the components show taxon-dependent traits. Both optical and electron microscopy are used to elucidate the structure. The costal roll is associated primarily with the Aethes Billberg, Saphenista Walsingham, Phalonidia Le Marchand, and Cochylis Treitschke groups of genera. The general notions that wing male scent organs are phylogenetically labile and that they may have arisen among closely related species as a consequence of habitat sharing are explored using network analysis and phylogenetic signal. Taxa with a costal roll certainly support a more complex area of the food web, however, the character shows a strong phylogenetic signal and is not the result of a sporadic evolution.

Molecular phylogeny, divergence time, biogeography and trends in host plant usage in the agriculturally important tortricid tribe Grapholitini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae)

“…Within the family, we find a parallel pattern in Cochylina (Brown et al, 2020), where Phtheochroa and several genera of the Phtheochroa group, which includes the larger species of the subtribe, have a three-bristled frenulum and the more advanced, smaller species (e.g. Cochylis group) usually have two (P erez Santa-Rita et al, 2022). This character reaches its pinnacle in members of Ceracini, the largest species in the family, in which females may have four, five or more spines in the frenulum (Monsalve et al, 2011).…”

Figures 15- 16 from: Kovács Z, Kovács S, Buchner P, Junnilainen J (2024) A review of the Cochylimorpha perfusana (Guenée, 1845) species group (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in Europe, with the description of a new species from the Southern Carpathians (Romania). Nota Lepidopterologica 47: 125-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.47.122906

“…The examined material was dried, pinned and partly set. The terminology of wing pattern and genitalia follows Razowski (1970Razowski ( , 2002, except that of the cornuti, which follows Anzaldo et al (2014), and the costal roll (Pérez Santa-Rita et al 2022). Photos were taken with a Canon EOS 5D Mark III camera, adults with a Canon lens MP-E 65, using ring flash and a magnification of 2:1, specimen details with 4:1 magnification, and genitalia with a microscope (Wild Heerbrugg) using a 10× objective and a 2.5× ocular lens.…”

A review of the Cochylimorpha perfusana (Guenée, 1845) species group (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in Europe, with the description of a new species from the Southern Carpathians (Romania)

“…The examined material was dried, pinned and partly set. The terminology of wing pattern and genitalia follows Razowski (1970Razowski ( , 2002, except that of the cornuti, which follows Anzaldo et al (2014), and the costal roll (Pérez Santa-Rita et al 2022). Photos were taken with a Canon EOS 5D Mark III camera, adults with a Canon lens MP-E 65, using ring flash and a magnification of 2:1, specimen details with 4:1 magnification, and genitalia with a microscope (Wild Heerbrugg) using a 10× objective and a 2.5× ocular lens.…”