The mammalian spot test (Fellfleckentest) with mice

Fahrig, Rudolf

doi:10.1007/bf00293666

Cited by 75 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Employing this test it has been found that (1) the frequencies of color spots in mutagen-treated animals depend upon the mutagens employed (L. Russell and Major, 1957;L. Russell, 1977;Davidson andDawson, 1976, 1977;Fahrig, 1975Fahrig, , 1977; (2) the position of a color spot seems to depend to a certain extent on its color; and (3) the more white-grey spots that are induced by a mutagen, the more spots are located on the ventrum. Fahrig (1978) also notes that the spontaneous frequency of color spots is very low and appears to be similar for different hybrids.…”

Section: The Results Noted Inmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Coat Colors of Mice

Silvers

1979

594

327

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Section: The Results Noted Inmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Coat Colors of Mice

Silvers

1979

594

327

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“…Furthermore, single-strand breaks were detected in TCE-exposed mice (66). TCE also tests positive in the mouse spot test (67), which detects forward mutations as well as recombinational events (55).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinogens induce reversion of the mouse pink-eyed unstable mutation

Schiestl

Aubrecht

Khogali

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Deletions and other genome rearrangements are associated with carcinogenesis and inheritable diseases. The pink-eyed unstable (p un ) mutation in the mouse is caused by duplication of a 70-kb internal fragment of the p gene. Spontaneous reversion events in homozygous p un ͞p un mice occur through deletion of a duplicated sequence. Reversion events in premelanocytes in the mouse embryo detected as black spots on the gray fur of the offspring were inducible by the carcinogen x-rays, ethyl methanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl nitrosourea, benzo[a]pyrene, trichloroethylene, benzene, and sodium arsenate. The latter three carcinogens are not detectable with several in vitro or in vivo mutagenesis assays. We studied the molecular mechanism of the carcinogen-induced reversion events by cDNA analysis using reverse transcriptase-PCR method and identified the induced reversion events as deletions. DNA deletion assays may be sensitive indicators for carcinogen exposure.

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“…high negative controls in one (rat) data set, which prevented the confirmation of the rat response (20). TCE was weakly active in the mouse spot test, which determines the ability of chemicals to induce gene mutations or recombination in loci governing the color of the animal's coat (21). Several investigations have involved humans occupationally exposed to TCE (22,23).…”

Section: Trichloroethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenicity of trichloroethylene and its metabolites: implications for the risk assessment of trichloroethylene.

Moore

Harrington‐Brock

2000

Environ Health Perspect

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This article addresses the evidence that trichloroethylene (TCE) or its metabolites might mediate tumor formation via a mutagenic mode of action. We review and draw conclusions from the published mutagenicity and genotoxicity information for TCE and its metabolites, chloral hydrate (CH), dichloroacetic acid (DCA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), trichloroethanol, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl) glutathione (DCVG). The new U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed Cancer Risk Assessment Guidelines provide for an assessment of the key events involved in the development of specific tumors. Consistent with this thinking, we provide a new and general strategy for interpreting genotoxicity data that goes beyond a simple determination that the chemical is or is not genotoxic. For TCE, we conclude that the weight of the evidence argues that chemically induced mutation is unlikely to be a key event in the induction of human tumors that might be caused by TCE itself (as the parent compound) and its metabolites, CH, DCA, and TCA. This conclusion derives primarily from the fact that these chemicals require very high doses to be genotoxic. There is not enough information to draw any conclusions for trichloroethanol and the two trichloroethylene conjugates, DCVC and DCVG. There is some evidence that DCVC is a more potent mutagen than CH, DCA, or TCA. Unfortunately, definitive conclusions as to whether TCE will induce tumors in humans via a mutagenic mode of action cannot be drawn from the available information. More research, including the development and use of new techniques, is required before it is possible to make a definitive assessment as to whether chemically induced mutation is a key event in any human tumors resulting from exposure to TCE.

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The mammalian spot test (Fellfleckentest) with mice

Cited by 75 publications

References 25 publications

The Coat Colors of Mice

The Coat Colors of Mice

Carcinogens induce reversion of the mouse pink-eyed unstable mutation

Mutagenicity of trichloroethylene and its metabolites: implications for the risk assessment of trichloroethylene.

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