The mammalian superior colliculus: laminar structure and connections

May, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(05)51011-2

Cited by 597 publications

(711 citation statements)

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“…This information is a first step toward identifying the postsynaptic targets of these tectal inputs. However, the superficial layers of the SC contain a wide variety of cell types, including interneurons and cells that project to the parabigeminal nucleus, contralateral SC, pretectum, ventral and dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei, and lateral posterior nucleus (for reviews, see Huerta and Harting, 1984;May, 2006). SC interneurons, tectopretectal, and tectotectal neurons have been found to be GABAergic (Appell and Behan, 1990;Mize, 1992;Schmidt et al, 2001, Baldauf et al, 2003.…”

Section: Postsynaptic Targets Of Cortical Terminalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) and stratum opticum (SO) of the superior colliculus (SC) receive dense inputs from the retina and the visual cortex (for reviews, see Huerta and Harting, 1984;May, 2006) and these inputs interact with the SC circuitry to produce unique response characteristics. A particularly prominent feature of SGS/SO neurons is their sensitivity to stimulus movement.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the ultrastructure of cortical and retinal terminals in the rat superior colliculus

Boka

Chomsung

et al. 2006

Anat. Rec.

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We compared the ultrastructure and synaptic targets of terminals of cortical or retinal origin in the stratum griseum superficiale and stratum opticum of the rat superior colliculus. Following injections of biotinylated dextran amine into cortical area 17, corticotectal axons were labeled by anterograde transport. Corticotectal axons were of relatively small caliber with infrequent small varicosities. At the ultrastructural level, corticotectal terminals were observed to be small profiles (0.44 Ϯ 0.27 m 2 ) that contained densely packed round vesicles. In tissue stained for gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) using postembedding immunocytochemical techniques, corticotectal terminals were found to contact small (0.51 Ϯ 0.69 m 2 ) non-GABAergic dendrites and spines (93%) and a few small GABAergic dendrites (7%). In the same tissue, retinotectal terminals, identified by their distinctive pale mitochondria, were observed to be larger than corticotectal terminals (3.34 Ϯ 1.79 m 2 ). In comparison to corticotectal terminals, retinotectal terminals contacted larger (1.59 Ϯ 1.70 m 2 ) nonGABAergic dendrites and spines (73%) and a larger proportion of GABAergic profiles (27%) of relatively large size (2.17 Ϯ 1.49 m 2 ), most of which were vesicle-filled (71%). Our results suggest that cortical and retinal terminals target different dendritic compartments within the neuropil of the superficial layers of the superior colliculus. Anat Rec Part A, 288A: 850 -858, 2006.

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Section: Postsynaptic Targets Of Cortical Terminalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the ultrastructure of cortical and retinal terminals in the rat superior colliculus

Boka

Chomsung

et al. 2006

Anat. Rec.

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“…The sSC consists of several cell types, including excitatory and inhibitory neurons (Mize, 1992;Endo et al, 2003Endo et al, , 2005May, 2006;Kaneda et al, 2008). Previous intracellular recording and labeling studies elucidated that some sSC neurons responded to moving or static visual stimuli with short bursts of spike discharges (Mooney et al, 1985(Mooney et al, , 1988.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the candidate nuclei for this function is the superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain structure that is critical for visuomotor information processing (Sparks, 1986;Isa and Sparks, 2006). The superficial layer of the SC (sSC) receives visual inputs from the retina and the primary visual cortex (V1) in a retinotopically organized manner (Dräger and Hubel, 1976;May, 2006). sSC neurons exhibit transient spike discharges, called ON responses, immediately after the appearance of a visual stimulus (Schiller and Koerner, 1971; Cynader, 1972, 1975;Cynader and Berman, 1972;Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972;Dräger and Hubel, 1975;Rhoades and Chalupa, 1977;Marrocco and Li, 1977;Moors and Vendrik, 1979;Wang et al, 2010), implying that the sSC could detect the appearance of the object.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sSC neurons exhibit transient spike discharges, called ON responses, immediately after the appearance of a visual stimulus (Schiller and Koerner, 1971; Cynader, 1972, 1975;Cynader and Berman, 1972;Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972;Dräger and Hubel, 1975;Rhoades and Chalupa, 1977;Marrocco and Li, 1977;Moors and Vendrik, 1979;Wang et al, 2010), implying that the sSC could detect the appearance of the object. Indeed, lesions or inactivation of the SC cause a detection deficit of visual stimuli (Butter et al, 1978;Overton and Dean, 1988;Fitzmaurice et al, 2003).The sSC consists of several cell types, including excitatory and inhibitory neurons (Mize, 1992;Endo et al, 2003Endo et al, , 2005May, 2006;Kaneda et al, 2008). Previous intracellular recording and labeling studies elucidated that some sSC neurons responded to moving or static visual stimuli with short bursts of spike discharges (Mooney et al, 1985(Mooney et al, , 1988.…”

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GABAergic mechanisms for shaping transient visual responses in the mouse superior colliculus

Kaneda

Isa

2013

Neuroscience

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An object that suddenly appears in the visual field should be quickly detected and responded to because it could be beneficial or harmful. The superficial layer of the superior colliculus (sSC) is a brain structure capable of such functions, as sSC neurons exhibit sharp transient spike discharges with short latency in response to the appearance of a visual stimulus.However, how transient activity is generated in the sSC is poorly understood. Here, we show that inhibitory inputs actively shape transient activity in the sSC. Juxtacellular recordings from anesthetized mice demonstrate that almost all types of sSC neurons, which were identified by post hoc histochemistry, show transient spike discharges, i.e., ON activity, immediately after visual stimulus onset. ON activity was followed by a pause before the visual stimulus was turned off. To determine whether the pause reflected the absence of excitatory drive or inhibitory conductance, we injected depolarizing currents juxtasomally, which enabled us to observe inhibition as decreased discharges. The pause was observed even under this condition, suggesting that inhibitory input caused the pause. We further found that local application of a mixture of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) A and GABA B receptor antagonists additively diminished the pause. These results indicate that GABAergic inputs produce transient ON responses by attenuating excitatory activity through the cooperative activation of GABA A and GABA B receptors, allowing sSC neurons to act as a saliency detector. Detecting an object that suddenly appears in the visual field is crucial for animals because their survival may depend on whether the object is beneficial or harmful. Transient, but not persistent, spike discharges in the sensory systems should encode the detection of the appearance. One of the candidate nuclei for this function is the superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain structure that is critical for visuomotor information processing (Sparks, 1986;Isa and Sparks, 2006). The superficial layer of the SC (sSC) receives visual inputs from the retina and the primary visual cortex (V1) in a retinotopically organized manner (Dräger and Hubel, 1976;May, 2006). sSC neurons exhibit transient spike discharges, called ON responses, immediately after the appearance of a visual stimulus (Schiller and Koerner, 1971; Cynader, 1972, 1975;Cynader and Berman, 1972;Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972;Dräger and Hubel, 1975;Rhoades and Chalupa, 1977;Marrocco and Li, 1977;Moors and Vendrik, 1979;Wang et al., 2010), implying that the sSC could detect the appearance of the object. Indeed, lesions or inactivation of the SC cause a detection deficit of visual stimuli (Butter et al., 1978;Overton and Dean, 1988;Fitzmaurice et al., 2003).The sSC consists of several cell types, including excitatory and inhibitory neurons (Mize, 1992;Endo et al., 2003Endo et al., , 2005May, 2006;Kaneda et al., 2008). Previous intracellular recording and labeling studies elucidated that some sSC neurons responded to moving or static visual stim...

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Human‐Machine Interface Improving Quality of Patient Care

Sharma,

Malviya

2023

Human‐Machine Interface

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The mammalian superior colliculus: laminar structure and connections

Cited by 597 publications

References 443 publications

Comparison of the ultrastructure of cortical and retinal terminals in the rat superior colliculus

Comparison of the ultrastructure of cortical and retinal terminals in the rat superior colliculus

GABAergic mechanisms for shaping transient visual responses in the mouse superior colliculus

Human‐Machine Interface Improving Quality of Patient Care

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