The Management of Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems

Nakmode, Deepa D.; Day, Candace M.; Song, Yunmei; Garg, Sanjay

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15051503

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…Among neurological disorders, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the fastest growing in prevalence, disability, and deaths, due to a growing and aging population . Involuntary movements known as dyskinesias and painful muscle contractions referred to as dystonias often result in speech and mobility issues . These symptoms contribute significantly to increased disability rates and the requirement for care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Involuntary movements known as dyskinesias and painful muscle contractions referred to as dystonias often result in speech and mobility issues. 2 These symptoms contribute significantly to increased disability rates and the requirement for care. Approximately 145,000 people have been diagnosed with PD in the UK, and this figure is estimated to increase by a fifth by 2030.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transdermal Delivery of Pramipexole Using Microneedle Technology for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

McGuckin,

Hutton,

Davis

et al. 2024

Mol. Pharmaceutics

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease primarily impacting neurons responsible for dopamine production within the brain. Pramipexole (PRA) is a dopamine agonist that is currently available in tablet form. However, individuals with PD commonly encounter difficulties with swallowing and gastrointestinal motility, making oral formulations less preferable. Microneedle (MN) patches represent innovative transdermal drug delivery devices capable of enhancing skin permeability through the creation of microconduits on the surface of the skin. MNs effectively reduce the barrier function of skin and facilitate the permeation of drugs. The work described here focuses on the development of polymeric MN systems designed to enhance the transdermal delivery of PRA. PRA was formulated into both dissolving MNs (DMNs) and directly compressed tablets (DCTs) to be used in conjunction with hydrogelforming MNs (HFMNs). In vivo investigations using a Sprague−Dawley rat model examined, for the first time, if it was beneficial to prolong the application of DMNs and HFMNs beyond 24 h. Half of the patches in the MN cohorts were left in place for 24 h, whereas the other half remained in place for 5 days. Throughout the entire 5 day study, PRA plasma levels were monitored for all cohorts. This study confirmed the successful delivery of PRA from DMNs (C max = 511.00 ± 277.24 ng/mL, T max = 4 h) and HFMNs (C max = 328.30 ± 98.04 ng/mL, T max = 24 h). Notably, both types of MNs achieved sustained PRA plasma levels over a 5 day period. In contrast, following oral administration, PRA remained detectable in plasma for only 48 h, achieving a C max of 159.32 ± 113.43 ng/ mL at 2 h. The HFMN that remained in place for 5 days demonstrated the most promising performance among all investigated formulations. Although in the early stages of development, the findings reported here offer a hopeful alternative to orally administered PRA. The sustained plasma profile observed here has the potential to reduce the frequency of PRA administration, potentially enhancing patient compliance and ultimately improving their quality of life. This work provides substantial evidence advocating the development of polymeric MN-mediated drug delivery systems to include sustained plasma levels of hydrophilic pharmaceuticals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal Delivery of Pramipexole Using Microneedle Technology for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

McGuckin,

Hutton,

Davis

et al. 2024

Mol. Pharmaceutics

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“…The etiology of PD is considered to result from a dynamic interplay of genetic and environmental factors affecting fundamental cellular processes. Diagnosing PD primarily relies on clinical evaluation, which assesses motor symptoms like bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremors, with postural instability indicating advanced stages [ 1 – 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye tracking assessment of Parkinson's disease: a clinical retrospective analysis

ŞtefŞnescu,

Strilciuc,

Chelaru

et al. 2024

JMedLife

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“…Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decline in movement coordination and cognitive impairment. According to global estimates from the World Health Organization, over 8.5 million individuals were diagnosed with PD in 2019 [1]. The worldwide prevalence of PD is likely to exceed 12 million cases by 2040 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Manganese, Zinc, and Copper Metal Toxicity on SH-SY5Y Cells in Establishing an Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease Model

Pradhan,

Liu,

Sayes

2023

IJMS

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition marked by loss of motor coordination and cognitive impairment. According to global estimates, the worldwide prevalence of PD will likely exceed 12 million cases by 2040. PD is primarily associated with genetic factors, while clinically, cases are attributed to idiopathic factors such as environmental or occupational exposure. The heavy metals linked to PD and other neurodegenerative disorders include copper, manganese, and zinc. Chronic exposure to metals induces elevated oxidative stress and disrupts homeostasis, resulting in neuronal death. These metals are suggested to induce idiopathic PD in the literature. This study measures the effects of lethal concentration at 10% cell death (LC10) and lethal concentration at 50% cell death (LC50) concentrations of copper, manganese, and zinc chlorides on SH-SY5Y cells via markers for dopamine, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction after a 24 h exposure. These measurements were compared to a known neurotoxin to induce PD, 100 µM 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ODHA). Between the three metal chlorides, zinc was statistically different in all parameters from all other treatments and induced significant dopaminergic loss, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The LC50 of manganese and copper had the most similar response to 6-ODHA in all parameters, while LC10 of manganese and copper responded most like untreated cells. This study suggests that these metal chlorides respond differently from 6-ODHA and each other, suggesting that idiopathic PD utilizes a different mechanism from the classic PD model.

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The Management of Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of the Current Advancements in Drug Delivery Systems

Cited by 14 publications

References 172 publications

Transdermal Delivery of Pramipexole Using Microneedle Technology for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Transdermal Delivery of Pramipexole Using Microneedle Technology for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

Eye tracking assessment of Parkinson's disease: a clinical retrospective analysis

Evaluating Manganese, Zinc, and Copper Metal Toxicity on SH-SY5Y Cells in Establishing an Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease Model

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