The management of temporomandibular disorders: a headache in general practice

Prosthodontic and comprehensive treatment of temporomandibular disorders

“…This category is referred to as "red flag" covers 1) previous history of malignancy-could indicate new primary, recurrence, or metastases; 2) persistent or unexplained neck lump or cervical lymphadenopathy-may indicate a neoplastic, infective, or autoimmune cause; 3) neurological symptoms, for example, headache or cranial nerve abnormalities with sensory or motor function changemay indicate an intracranial cause, or malignancy affecting cranial nerve peripheral branches; 4) facial asymmetry, facial swelling, or profound trismus-may indicate a neoplastic, infective, or inflammatory cause; 5) recurrent epistaxis, purulent nasal discharge, persistent anosmia, or reduced hearing on the ipsilateral side-may indicate nasopharyngeal carcinoma; 6) unexplained fever or weight loss-may indicate malignancy, immunosuppression, or other infective causes, for example, septic arthritis; 7) new-onset unilateral headache or scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, and general malaise, if the person is more than 50 years of age-may indicate giant cell arteritis; and 8) occlusal changes-may indicate neoplasia rheumatoid arthritis, trauma, or bone growth around the TMJ, for example, acromegaly. 1 Signs and symptoms categorized into "red flag" need to be considered and if found, they must be all the way to refer to more competent practitioners. It must be noted that these red flag symptoms in isolation should prompt their own line of enquiry and management.…”

“…This disorder can have a considerable effect on the quality of life of patients. 1 Patients who have TMD can present with a range of different symptoms; these include diffuse pain-typically intermittent in nature and often reported in several areas of the head and neck; tenderness or pain in muscles of mastication; limited mouth opening and locking of the jaw; painful of teeth (wear facets may be noted on tooth surfaces); and clicking or crepitus sounds when TMJ is in function. 1 Therapeutic approaches to the TMJ disorders must be directed to reduce the main signs and symptoms of the condition.…”

“…1 Patients who have TMD can present with a range of different symptoms; these include diffuse pain-typically intermittent in nature and often reported in several areas of the head and neck; tenderness or pain in muscles of mastication; limited mouth opening and locking of the jaw; painful of teeth (wear facets may be noted on tooth surfaces); and clicking or crepitus sounds when TMJ is in function. 1 Therapeutic approaches to the TMJ disorders must be directed to reduce the main signs and symptoms of the condition. In the majority, patients who have disorders in the TMJ must be encouraged to be able to carry out early self-management that can help control symptoms and limit functional disorders.…”

“…However, pain is the main cause of this pathological state, and this is the main reason patients seek medical treatment. 1,2 Conservative treatments for TMD include medication, physiotherapy, occlusal splints, self-management strategies, and interventions based on cognitive behavioral approach. At present, a conservative treatment approach prevails over surgery, given it is less aggressive and usually result in satisfactory clinical outcomes in the mild-moderate TMD.…”

Modern Methods of Patients Treatment With Dentition Defects Combined With Functional Disorders of the Temporomandibular Joint

“…Ribalov O.V. [15,16] has shown experimentally that extended muscles contraction under the emotional stress can lead to pain. The author believes that the ongoing reduction of the masticatory capacity can be connected with the inflammatory process, irritation of the skull, the upper segment of spine and tooth.…”