The Manly Mind? Revisiting the Victorian ‘Sex in Brain’ Debate

Boddice, Rob

doi:10.1111/j.1468-0424.2011.01641.x

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…One suggestion might be that the former fields are particularly inhospitable to women as a result of the stereotype that women lack the mathematical ability or intellectual brilliance to succeed in these domains. The problem with this idea, though, is that when universities first began opening their doors to women, many people thought that women lacked the intellectual ability to succeed in any academic field (Boddice, 2011; Clabaugh, 2010). Despite that, women were able to reach parity with men, or even surpass them, in virtually every other area.…”

Section: Bias and Discrimination In The Workplacementioning

confidence: 99%

Men, women and STEM: Why the differences and what should be done?

Stewart‐Williams

Halsey

2021

Eur J Pers

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It is a well-known and widely lamented fact that men outnumber women in a number of fields in STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths). The most commonly discussed explanations for the gender gaps are discrimination and socialization, and the most common policy prescriptions target those ostensible causes. However, a great deal of evidence in the behavioural sciences suggests that discrimination and socialization are only part of the story. The purpose of this paper is to highlight other aspects of the story: aspects that are commonly overlooked or downplayed. More precisely, the paper has two main aims. The first is to examine the evidence that factors other than workplace discrimination contribute to the gender gaps in STEM. These include relatively large average sex differences in career and lifestyle preferences, and relatively small average differences in cognitive aptitudes – some favouring males, others favouring females – which are associated with progressively larger differences the further above the average one looks. The second aim is to examine the evidence suggesting that these sex differences are not purely a product of social factors but also have a substantial biological (i.e. inherited) component. A more complete picture of the causes of the unequal sex ratios in STEM may productively inform policy discussions.

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Section: Bias and Discrimination In The Workplacementioning

confidence: 99%

Men, women and STEM: Why the differences and what should be done?

Stewart‐Williams

Halsey

2021

Eur J Pers

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“…At the apogee of evolution, the white, male physiologists, who were all well versed in Darwinian morals, could claim their greater equanimity. 44 All things considered, what they were doing was for the greater good. They could bury their immediate sympathies and carry on.…”

Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 99%

Species of Compassion: Aesthetics, Anaesthetics, and Pain in the Physiological Laboratory

Boddice

2012

19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century

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Laboratory Rob Boddice IReflections on the feelings aroused by the sight and by the idea of the surgically opened, living body command the attention of the historian of emotions. This essay reconstructs the controversy over vivisection in the last quarter of the nineteenth century as a history of the emotions to explore how reflexive emotional pain -compassion or sympathy -was idealized, contested, and applied. It deals in part with physiologists' reflections on emotional conditioning as preparation for the aesthetics of the opened body. It also deals with the change in those preparations wrought by the knowledge and application of anaesthetics. The article explores the ways in which the sight of suffering -the aesthetics of pain -were mitigated, justified, rationalized, and subjected to emotional control. It argues that a diminution of the aesthetic response to the sight of blood, in conjunction with knowledge of anaesthesia, allowed physiologists to conform to a moral code that abstracted compassion to suffering on a wide scale, removed from the immediacy of the laboratory, and in the name of 'humanity'. This in turn was connected to a newly developed notion of compassion or sympathy at the level of the whole community, of the whole species, or even of all sentient life, that had emerged from the moral philosophy of the theory of evolution. In this context, physiologists' reflections on their emotional equanimity in the laboratory can be connected to the operating callousness of the physician, and both are located in a secular, Darwinian context of the evolution of the emotions. This stands in contrast with antivivisectionist charges of callousness and their own aesthetics of compassion -their own emotional pain -that endured the rise of anaesthetics in physiological experiments. 1Historians have found late nineteenth-century physiologists' equanimity difficult to imagine in practice. Patrizia Guarnieri has opined that 'the activity of the vivisectionist did not necessarily preclude a caring attitude towards animals, or a reciprocal relationship of good-will', but the two things were nevertheless incompatible:On the one hand, the white-collared scientist who tied down an etherised dog on the operating table who […] opened its skull and removed the cranial lobes.

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“…Moreover, there is a lot of evidence that at the level of everyday perception intellectuality is a masculine characteristic [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Also a lot of data show that these differences are culture biased [1,6,[10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit Preconceptions of Male and Female Intelligence in Contemporary Russia

Дессау¹,

Mironenko²

2012

IJPBS

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Investigation revealed implicit preconceptions of Male and Female Intelligence in contemporary Russian society. A substantial difference in the structure and constituting elements between the representations was shown. It was shown also that preconceptions of Male and Female Intelligence are substantially different for male and for female samples. A two-stage procedure was used. At the first stage our subjects freely described Male and Female intelligence and at the second stage we used two sets of rating scales. One of them was a set for personality traits ("Personality Semantic Differential") and another one was specially constructed of nine scales for evaluating cognitive abilities.

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The Manly Mind? Revisiting the Victorian ‘Sex in Brain’ Debate

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Men, women and STEM: Why the differences and what should be done?

Men, women and STEM: Why the differences and what should be done?

Species of Compassion: Aesthetics, Anaesthetics, and Pain in the Physiological Laboratory

Implicit Preconceptions of Male and Female Intelligence in Contemporary Russia

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