The Many Faces of Education: why are people with lower education more hostile towards immigrants than people with higher education?

Jenssen, Anders Todal; Engesbak, Heidi

doi:10.1080/0031383940380103

Cited by 75 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In several European countries, where research on inter-ethnic relations became more and more important due to increasing numbers of ethnic minorities, a strong negative association between education and ethnic prejudice has been established (Eisinga & Scheepers, 1989;Jenssen & Engesbak, 1994;Knudsen, 1995;Wagner & Zick, 1995;Pedersen, 1996;Coenders, 2001). However, some cross-national studies, mostly dealing with European countries, brought into question the presumed universality of the liberalizing effect of education, since it turned out that in some countries, education was only a moderate determinant of ethnic prejudice or tolerance (see for example Muller et al, 1980;Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 1980;Weil, 1982Weil, , 1985McIntosh et al, 1995;Billiet et al 1996) [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Education and Ethnic Prejudice in Europe: Explanations for cross-national variances in the educational effect on ethnic prejudice

Scheepers¹,

Gijsberts²

2002

Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research

125

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Education is often found to be a strong determinant of ethnic prejudice. However, there is preliminary evidence that this educational effect varies across countries. Moreover, there are also theoretical arguments to expect cross-national variances in the educational effect on ethnic prejudice. From both a cultural and structural perspective, we set out to explain these cross-national variances in the educational effect. Results of multilevel analyses on data from 11 European countries show that the cultural perspective is more fruitful to explain cross-national variances in the strength of the educational effect on ethnic prejudice than the structural perspective: a country's democratic tradition and degree of religious heterogeneity are important for the strength of the educational effect on ethnic prejudice, whereas a country's ethnic composition and unemployment rate are less relevant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Education and Ethnic Prejudice in Europe: Explanations for cross-national variances in the educational effect on ethnic prejudice

Scheepers¹,

Gijsberts²

2002

Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research

125

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“…Given the rise in support for right-wing political parties across Britain and mainland Europe during the last decade, a pertinent education effect for our analyses is the association between lower levels of education and greater ingroup favoritism (Jackman & Muha, 1984;Stouffer, 1955). A range of studies analyzing data collected in Europe have found that lower education levels are associated with greater levels of prejudice, ethnic exclusionism, xenophobia, and negative attitudes towards immigration and immigrants (Hainmueller & Hiscox, 2007;Hello, Scheepers, & Gijsberts, 2002;Jenssen & Engesbak, 1994;Pettigrew et al, 1997), whereas studies in the US and using international data have found that lower levels of education are associated with nationalism (Coenders & Scheepers, 2003;Coenders, 2001), prejudice (Hadler, 2012;Kuppens & Spears, 2014), and immigration attitudes (Maria, 2004).…”

Section: Four Varieties Of Education Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher levels of education are also negatively associated with outcomes such as antiimmigration attitudes (Borgonovi, 2012;Jenssen & Engesbak, 1994;Kunovich, 2004) and nationalism (Coenders & Scheepers, 2003). Although there is a body of research documenting the association between an individual's level of education and this diverse range of outcomes-a phenomenon we hereafter refer to by the overarching term 'the education effect' (Emler & Frazer, 1999)-there has as yet been no systematic investigation of the strength of these associations, or of whether they are consistent across time and/or culture, leaving important questions unanswered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Education Effect: Higher Educational Qualifications are Robustly Associated with Beneficial Personal and Socio-political Outcomes

2015

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The education effect: higher educational qualifications are robustly associated with beneficial personal and socio-political outcomes Article (Accepted Version) http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Easterbrook, Matthew J, Kuppens, Toon and Manstead, Antony S R (2016) The education effect: higher educational qualifications are robustly associated with beneficial personal and sociopolitical outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 126 (3). pp. 1261 -1298 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/54022/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Social Indicators ResearchThe education effect: Higher educational qualifications are robustly associated with personal and socio-political outcomes Level of education is a predictor of a range of important outcomes, such as political interest and cynicism, social trust, health, well-being, and intergroup attitudes. We address a gap in the literature by analyzing the strength and stability of the education effect associated with this diverse range of outcomes across three surveys covering the period 1986-2011, including novel latent growth analyses of the stability of the education effect within the same individuals over time. Our analyses of the British Social Attitudes Survey, British Household Panel Survey, and International Social Survey Programme indicated that the education effect was robust across these outcomes and relatively stable over time, with higher education levels being associated with higher trust and political interest, better health and well-being, and with less political cynicism and less negative intergroup attitudes. The education effect was strongest when associated with political outcomes and attitudes towards immigrants, whereas it was weakest when associated with health and well-being. Most of the education effect appears to be due to the beneficial consequences of having a university education. Our results demonstrate that this beneficial education effect is also manifested in withi...

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“…Some analysts of political opinion formation suggest that highly educated individuals intentionally express "racially tolerant" opinions when asked in a survey while betraying themselves as intolerant when faced with concrete choices about contact with other ethnic groups (Jackman, 1978;Jenssen and Egesbak, 1994). It is not obvious how Bourdieu would respond to these results.…”

Section: Capital + Econ Lower Class 'Cul' Lower Class Econ Middle mentioning

confidence: 76%

Political Taste as a Marker of Class: A Bourdieu Approach to the Study of Public Opinion Formation

Slothuus¹

2006

World Political Science

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The Many Faces of Education: why are people with lower education more hostile towards immigrants than people with higher education?

Cited by 75 publications

References 18 publications

Education and Ethnic Prejudice in Europe: Explanations for cross-national variances in the educational effect on ethnic prejudice

Education and Ethnic Prejudice in Europe: Explanations for cross-national variances in the educational effect on ethnic prejudice

The Education Effect: Higher Educational Qualifications are Robustly Associated with Beneficial Personal and Socio-political Outcomes

Political Taste as a Marker of Class: A Bourdieu Approach to the Study of Public Opinion Formation

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