“…Studies show an array of literacy experiences occur among Latino families, including literacy for entertainment, daily living, general information, religion, and other experiences beyond practices involving books or schooling per se (Delgado-Gaitan, 1994; Gallimore & Goldenberg, 1993;Ortiz, 1992). More recent data have been collected on various aspects of Latino parents' early literacy usage, such as reading and writing activities, topics engaged in, time spent on these activities, and the reasons for participating in them (Ordoñez- Jasis, 2002Jasis, , 2003Ordoñez-Jasis & Jasis, 2004;Ortiz, 1992Ortiz, , 1996Ortiz, , 1998Ortiz, , 2000Ortiz, , 2001Ortiz & McCarty, 1997 Still other researchers attribute academic success in literacy development by English-language learners to the use and maintenance of the native language (Adams, Astone, Nunez-Wormack, & Smodlaka, 1994;Gandara, 1995). Williams (1991) suggested that native language use and maintenance often act as a cushion against academic failure by encouraging literacy in children's most developed language.…”