The Mapping of New Spain: Indigenous Cartography and the Maps of the Relaciones Geograficas

Offutt, Leslie S.; Mundy, Barbara E.

doi:10.2307/483312

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“…En ese momento, los tlacuilos novohispanos eran los responsables de elaborar los lienzos transportables para los friales y los frescos de las iglesias franciscanas como de los monasterios agustinos. Por esta razón, las poblaciones que tenían edificios religiosos con murales, también, tenían los mejores mapas de las relaciones geográficas enviadas al rey de España (Mundy, 2000).…”

Section: Antecedentes Del Método Cartográficounclassified

“…En este contexto, a finales del siglo XX se fortalecieron muchos softwares como PC ARC/INFO, OSU MAP-for-the-PC y en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI surgieron nuevos sistemas como IDRISI, PC ARC/INFO, ArcView GIS, GVSIG, QGIS, GeoDa, Google Earth, entre otros.5 Durante este tiempo, en México, el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía ha institucionalizado el uso del SIG al crear el Sistema de Consulta de Información Censal (SCIENCE)1990, 1995, 2000 , IRIS-2007, 2009, 2010 , 2015 , 2020, a nivel municipal y área metropolitana; Sistema de Información de Índices de Vuelo 2004, así como todas las versiones del Mapa Digital de México que tiene precargados los Censos de Población yVivienda 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 y 2020, Censos Económicos 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009 y 2019 Estadístico Nacional de Unidades Económicas (DENUE) 2011-2022 y el Inventario Nacional de Viviendas(2007-2014, 2016 y 2020).…”

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Enfoque geográfico-histórico y método cartográfico: agua y tierra en las “ciénegas de Lerma” XIX-XXI

Rodríguez Guerrero

2023

De Los Métodos Y Las Maneras, Número 9

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Originalmente, hace más de tres siglos, se extendía un sistema isleño cubierto por un solo cuerpo de agua que abarcaba más de 27,000 ha, desde el actual municipio de Temoaya hasta los límites de Tenango del Valle y Joquicingo al sur del valle de Toluca, las ciénegas eran un continuum paisajístico de humedales, múltiples lagunas, pantanos y zonas inundables que mantenían el ciclo de vida de diversa flora y fauna acuática. Actualmente, solo quedan tres remanentes que abarcan una superficie menor a 4,000 ha, al igual que el Valle de México, desde la conquista española inició un proceso de desecación que buscaba liberar tierras para la agricultura y la ganadería, rompiendo con la cultura lacustre que daba sentido y sustento a las comunidades originarias. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la propuesta metodológica es analizar la metamorfosis el paisaje lacustre y las resignificaciones del medio natural a la par del cambio sociocultural, mediante el método cartográfico y el enfoque geográfico-histórico en la cuenca alta del río “Lerma” durante los siglos XIX-XXI.

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Section: Antecedentes Del Método Cartográficounclassified

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Enfoque geográfico-histórico y método cartográfico: agua y tierra en las “ciénegas de Lerma” XIX-XXI

Rodríguez Guerrero

2023

De Los Métodos Y Las Maneras, Número 9

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“…27 More recently, Mundy analysed the surviving maps to identify continuities and changes of the indigenous cartographic tradition during the colonial period, and McDonough studied indigenous technologies as portrayed in the corpus. 28 Single documents of the Relaciones have also been the focus of historical research. 29 All these studies have proven the enormous value of these textual and cartographic documents for regional and local studies.…”

Section: Digging Into Early Colonial Mexico: the Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fifty questions in the Instrucción y Memoria aimed at gathering comprehensive material related to the geography, history, languages, and social organisation of each major jurisdiction of New Spain. The original Spanish version has been published in the most important editions of the corpus 30 , and a translation into English by Clinton R. Edwards, is found in Cline 31 and Mundy 32 .…”

Section: The Geographic Reports Corpusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Resources: Artificial Intelligence, Computational Approaches, and Geographical Text Analysis to Investigate Early Colonial Mexico

Murrieta-Flores¹,

Jiménez-Badillo²,

Martins³

2022

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History

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The application of digital technologies within interdisciplinary environments is enabling the development of more efficient methods and techniques for analyzing historical corpora at scales that were not feasible before. The project “Digging into Early Colonial Mexico” is an example of cooperation among archaeologists, historians, computer scientists, and geographers engaged in designing and implementing methods for text mining and large-scale analysis of primary and secondary historical sources, specifically the automated identification of vital analytical concepts linked to locational references, revealing the spatial and geographic context of the historical narrative. As a case study, the project focuses on the Relaciones Geográficas de la Nueva España (Geographic Reports of New Spain, or RGs). This is a corpus of textual and pictographic documents produced in 1577–1585 ce that provides one of the most complete and extensive accounts of Mexico and Guatemala’s history and the social situation at the time. The research team is developing valuable digital tools and datasets, including (a) a comprehensive historical gazetteer containing thousands of georeferenced toponyms integrated within a geographical information system (GIS); (b) two digital versions of the RGs corpus, one fully annotated and ready for information extraction, and another suitable for further experimentation with algorithms of machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and corpus linguistics (CL) analyses; and (c) software tools that support a research method called geographical text analysis (GTA). GTA applies natural language processing based on deep learning algorithms for named entity recognition, disambiguation, and classification to enable the parsing of texts and the automatic mark-up of words referring to place names that are later associated with analytical concepts through a technique called geographic collocation analysis. By leveraging the benefits of the GTA methodology and resources, the research team is in the process of investigating questions related to the landscape and territorial transformations experienced during the colonization of Mexico, as well as the discovery of social, economic, political, and religious patterns in the way of life of Indigenous and Spanish communities of New Spain toward the last quarter of the 16th century. All datasets and research products will be released under an open-access license for the free use of scholars engaged in Latin American studies or interested in computational approaches to history.

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The Mapping of New Spain: Indigenous Cartography and the Maps of the Relaciones Geograficas

Cited by 2 publications

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Enfoque geográfico-histórico y método cartográfico: agua y tierra en las “ciénegas de Lerma” XIX-XXI

Enfoque geográfico-histórico y método cartográfico: agua y tierra en las “ciénegas de Lerma” XIX-XXI

Digital Resources: Artificial Intelligence, Computational Approaches, and Geographical Text Analysis to Investigate Early Colonial Mexico

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