The Mapping of the Soils’ Degradation State by Adaptation the PAP/RAC Guidelines in the Watershed of Wadi Arbaa Ayacha, Western Rif, Morocco

Ouallali, Abdessalam; Moukhchane, Mohamed; Aassoumi, Habiba; Berrad, Farida; Dakir, Ibrahim

doi:10.4236/gep.2016.47009

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Soil erodibility is the ease with which soil is detached by splash during rainfall, by surface flow or both [ 8 ], and it is one of the important indicators of land degradation [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Existing studies at the arid and semiarid places in Anatolia [ 12 ], Argentina [ 13 ], Australia [ 14 ], China [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], Morocco [ 18 ], Iran [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], Spain [ 22 ] and United states [ 23 ] have shown that soil erodibility is influenced by global climate change [ 24 ] and land use change [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 25 ]. The changes of land use types alter the vegetation coverage and then influence the soil quality and soil properties such as the soil particle distribution, soil organic carbon content and soil texture [ 19 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Shrubland and Grassland Soil Erodibility on the Loess Plateau

Zhang

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Soil erosion is one of the most severe problems facing environments and has increased throughout the 20th century. Soil erodibility (K-factor) is one of the important indicators of land degradation, and many models have been used to estimate K values. Although soil erodibility has been estimated, the comparison of different models and their usage at a regional scale and, in particular, for different land use types, need more research. Four of the most widely distributed land use types were selected to analyze, including introduced and natural grassland, as well as introduced and natural shrubland. Soil particle size, soil organic matter and other relevant soil properties were measured to estimate soil erodibility in the Loess Plateau. The results show that: (1) the erosion productivity impact calculator (EPIC) model and SHIRAZI model are both suitable for the Loess Plateau, while the SHIRAZI model has the advantage of fewer parameters; (2) introduced grassland has better ability to protect both the 0–5 cm soils and 5–20 cm soils, while the differences between introduced and natural shrubland are not obvious at a catchment scale; (3) the K values of introduced grassland, natural grassland, introduced shrubland and natural shrubland in the 0–5 cm layer vary from 0.008 to 0.037, 0.031 to 0.046, 0.012 to 0.041 and 0.008 to 0.045 (t·hm2·h/(MJ·mm·hm2)), while the values vary from 0.009 to 0.039, 0.032 to 0.046, 0.012 to 0.042 and 0.008 to 0.048 (t·hm2·h/(MJ·mm·hm2)) in the 5–20 cm layer. The areas with a mean multiyear precipitation of 370–440 mm are the most important places for vegetation restoration construction management at a regional scale. A comprehensive balance between water conservation and soil conservation is needed and important when selecting the species used to vegetation restoration. This study provides suggestions for ecological restoration and provides a case study for the estimate of soil erodibility in arid and semiarid areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Shrubland and Grassland Soil Erodibility on the Loess Plateau

Zhang

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…Pour atteindre notre objectif de cartographier la sensibilité des sols à l'érosion hydrique dans le SBV d'Agoudal, nous avons adopté une méthodologie basée sur l'équation universelle révisée de la perte de sol (RUSLE), développée par Renard et al (1991). Cette approche a été utilisée par plusieurs chercheurs à travers le monde, notamment au Maroc pour évaluer et cartographier le risque d'érosion hydrique (Anys et al, 1992(Anys et al, , 1994Benmoussa et al, 1993;Tahri et al, 1993;El Garouani et al, 2003, 2005, 2008Merkhi et al, 2015;Elalaoui et al, 2015;Issa et al, 2016;Ouallali et al, 2016 ;Benzougagh et al, 2020). L'équation RUSLE est un modèle qui intègre cinq paramètres de base qui interviennent dans la détermination de ce phénome (Figure 4); il est exprimé dans l'équation (Eq.1) comme suit: A= R *K *C * SL*P ( Eq.1) Avec :…”

Section: Méthodologieunclassified

Evaluation Des Risques D’érosion Hydrique Et Cartographie Des Zones Vulnérables Par La Méthode RUSLE Couplée Aux SIG Et À La Télédétection Dans Le Bassin Versant d’Agoudal En Amont De La Vallée d’Imilchil (Haut Atlas Central, Maroc)

Youssef

Yacine

Benzougagh³

et al. 2021

ESJ

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Le sous-bassin versant (SBV) d’Agoudal est la partie amont de la vallée d’Imilchil relevant de la province de Midelt et la région de Draa-Tafilalet au Sud-Est du Maroc. Il s’étale sur la tranche altitudinale asylvatique du Haut Atlas central, allant de 2400 à plus de 3150 m. Ce sont des écosystèmes fragiles dont les sols sont peu arables et peu protégés, à haut risques d’érosion. Ils sont dans un stade très avancé de dégradation, sous l’effet de l’action de l’Homme, des facteurs écologiques, aggravés par les changements climatiques. L’objectif principal de cette recherche est d’évaluer le degré de sensibilité de la zone d’étude vis-à-vis de l’érosion hydrique et de cartographier les zones vulnérables prioritaires pour d’éventuelles interventions d’atténuation. La méthode utilisée s’est basée sur l’Équation Universelle Révisée des Pertes en sols (RUSLE) en intégrant les différents facteurs causaux de ladite équation dans le Systèmes d’Information Géographique (SIG) et en se servant des données officielles (cartes géologiques et topographiques de la zone d’études, données climatiques, les études sur l’érosion réalisées par les départements étatiques concernés) et la télédétection, validées par les réalités de terrain. Les résultats dégagés montrent que la quasi-totalité de ce bassin est soumis à une forte dégradation des sols ; en effet près de 66% de la superficie de la zone d’étude est couverte par les classes de dégradation spécifique de 50 à 400 t/ha/an et 18.9% affiche des taux faibles à moyens allant de 7,4 à 32,17 t/ha/an. Seulement 1,4% du SVB est soumise à des taux de dégradation spécifique inférieurs à 7,4 t/ha/an. La valeur moyenne du taux d’érosion est de 255t/h/an, avec un écart type de près 285 t/an/ha, dû l’hétérogénéité des caractéristiques du milieu et de ses conditions. Ces chiffres attestent que cette région est soumise aux hauts risques d’érosion. Ce phénomène ajouté aux inondations récurrentes, constituent la principale menace qui met en péril l’agriculture vivrière de cette zone, ce qui donne le signal d’alarme pour intervention de mitigation urgente. The Agoudal sub-basin is the upstream part of the Assif Melloul watershed in the Imilchil valley belonging to the province of Midelt and the region of Draa-Tafilalet in south-eastern Morocco. It is located on the Asylvatic altitudinal slice of the Central High Atlas, ranging from 2400 to more than 3150 m. These are fragile ecosystems with poor arable land that are poorly protected, with a high risk of erosion. They are in fact in their advanced stage of degradation due to human activities and ecological factors aggravated by climate change. This paper focuses on assessing the degree of sensitivity of this area to water erosion, and it aims to map priority vulnerable areas for any future mitigation intervention. The method was based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) by integrating the causal factors of this equation in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and by using remote sensing data validated based on official data (geological maps and topography of the study area, climatic data, studies on erosion carried out by the state departments concerned) and remote sensing (validated by the realities on the ground). The results show that almost all the watershed is subject to severe soil degradation due to water erosion. In fact, nearly 66% of its area is covered by specific degradation classes of 50 to 400 t / ha / year, and 18.9% of the area displays low and medium erosion rates. Only 1.4% of the study area is subject to specific degradation rates less than 7.4 t / ha / year. The average erosion rate is 255 t / h / year, with a standard deviation of 285 t / year / ha, mainly due to the heterogeneity of the characteristics and its conditions. These figures show that this region is subject to high risks of erosion. This phenomenon, along with recurrent floods, constitutes the main threat that is endangering subsistence agriculture, which gives the alarm signal for urgent mitigation intervention.

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“…Water erosion is the main threat to soil degradation in Morocco [1] and causes an annual loss of soil ranging from 5 t/ha/year to more than 50 t/ha/year, depending on each region's specific conditions [2,3]. Therefore, previous studies have shown the direct impact of abandoned quarries on mass movements and landslides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of DEM resolution on the RUSLE model: Case of abandoned quarries in Settat province (Morocco)

et al. 2021

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Topographic slope information is one of the critical variables, which governs soil erosion. This topographic slope can be derived from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Significant discrepancies are found in the estimation of soil erosion using different DEMs of different resolutions. In the present study, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used for soils in the Settat province (Morocco) to assess the risk of water erosion caused by abandoned quarries. The soil erosion rate was divided into five classes to illustrate the erosion rate variability using two DEMs (30m and 90m). The impact of topography on erosion was determined by calculating the value of the LS factors. In this case, the values obtained vary between 0 - 120.623 for ASTER DEM (30m) and 0 - 10.225 for DEM SRTM (90m). The results also show that most quarries have a soil loss rate that varies between 0 t/ha/year and 8.1 t/ha/year for ASTER DEM (30 m). However, for DEM SRTM (90 m), the soil loss rate is zero. This suggests that RUSLE model users should use high-resolution input data for a close representation of reality and capture the maximum results with reasonable accuracy.

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The Mapping of the Soils’ Degradation State by Adaptation the PAP/RAC Guidelines in the Watershed of Wadi Arbaa Ayacha, Western Rif, Morocco

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Distribution of Shrubland and Grassland Soil Erodibility on the Loess Plateau

Distribution of Shrubland and Grassland Soil Erodibility on the Loess Plateau

Evaluation Des Risques D’érosion Hydrique Et Cartographie Des Zones Vulnérables Par La Méthode RUSLE Couplée Aux SIG Et À La Télédétection Dans Le Bassin Versant d’Agoudal En Amont De La Vallée d’Imilchil (Haut Atlas Central, Maroc)

Influence of DEM resolution on the RUSLE model: Case of abandoned quarries in Settat province (Morocco)

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