The Marburg Virus Outbreak of 1967 and Subsequent Episodes

Slenczka, Werner

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59949-1_4

Cited by 70 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…However, microglial nodules and perivascular infiltrates involving both gray and white matter were noted in 2 cases of Marburg disease manifested as subacute encephalitis [29,30]. Nonhuman primate studies of EVD show glial nodules or meningoencephalitis were observed in 5 of 6 animals surviving 3 weeks following infection.…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Complications of Ebola Virus Infection

2016

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Ebola virus disease is one of the deadliest pathogens known to man, with a mortality rate between 25-90% depending on the species and outbreak of Ebola. Typically, it presents with fever, headache, voluminous vomiting and diarrhea, and can progress to a hemorrhagic illness; neurologic symptoms, including meningoencephalitis, seizures, and coma, can also occur. Recently, an outbreak occurred in West Africa, affecting > 28,000 people, and killing > 11,000. Owing to the magnitude of this outbreak, and the large number (>17,000) of Ebola survivors, the medical and scientific communities are learning much more about the acute manifestations and sequelae of Ebola. A number of neurologic complications can occur after Ebola, such as seizures, memory loss, headaches, cranial nerve abnormalities, and tremor. Ebola may also persist in some immunologically privileged sites, including the central nervous system, and can rarely lead to relapse in disease. Owing to these findings, it is important that survivors are evaluated and monitored for neurologic symptoms. Much is unknown about this disease, and treatment remains largely supportive; however, with ongoing clinical and basic science, the mechanisms of how Ebola affects the central nervous system and how it persists after acute disease will hopefully become more clear, and better treatments and clinical practices for Ebola patients will be developed.

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Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Complications of Ebola Virus Infection

2016

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“…The worst of the symptoms, including haemorrhage in a few individuals 3,91 , seem to flow from a 'cytokine storm', a profuse release of pro-inflammatory cytokines 52 (FIG. 1).…”

Section: Box 1 | Filovirus-disease Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). By affecting either viral entry 31,32 or exit 33,34 , these and other proteases could influence viral cellular tropisms and perhaps interactions between glycoprotein domains and antibodies (FIGS 2,3). Moreover, Barrientos and Rollin reported recently that endosomal proteolytic enzymes, including cathepsins, were released from EBOV-infected cells, that this release was more pronounced in cells infected with a more lytic variant of EBOV and that cytopathicity was diminished by the cathepsin inhibitor E64 (REF.…”

Section: Box 1 | Filovirus-disease Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overshadowing everything is the inexorable replication of the virus, beginning in dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and various types of macrophage, but proceeding to a more pantropic profile in which only certain cells -notably lymphocytes -are spared. In the case of MARV, hepatocytes are particularly susceptible, elevated liver enzymes are among the first telling signs of disease and liver damage seems to account for much of the coagulopathy 3,4 . Coincident with and underlying the unchecked viral replication, filoviruses deceive and dysregulate both innate and adaptive immune responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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How Ebola and Marburg viruses battle the immune system

2007

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PantropicTending towards the capacity to infect a wide range of cells and organs. CoagulopathyRefers to a group of conditions of the blood-clotting system in which bleeding is prolonged and excessive. Cell tropismA virus's affinity for or tendency towards preferential infection of certain cells. How Ebola and Marburg viruses battle the immune systemMansour Mohamadzadeh* ‡ , Lieping Chen ‡ , and Alan L. Schmaljohn* Abstract | The filoviruses Ebola and Marburg have emerged in the past decade from relative obscurity to serve now as archetypes for some of the more intriguing and daunting challenges posed by such agents. Public imagination is captured by deadly outbreaks of these viruses and reinforced by the specter of bioterrorism. As research on these agents has accelerated, it has been found increasingly that filoviruses use a combination of familiar and apparently new ways to baffle and battle the immune system. Filoviruses have provided thereby a new lens through which to examine the immune system itself. R E V I E W S Report Documentation PageForm Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

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“…40 In 1975, only 1 of 35 health care workers who cared for 2 patients with Marburg disease in South Africa without any barrier precautions became ill. 41 In 1979, an outbreak of Ebola in southern Sudan infected 34 people. Although direct physical contact could not be established in 2 instances, 29 cases resulted from direct physical contact with an infected person and there were no cases of illness among 103 persons who were exposed to cases in confined spaces without any physical contact.…”

Section: Filoviridae: Ebola and Marburgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses as Biological Weapons: Medical and Public Health Management

&NA;

2002

Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice

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The Marburg Virus Outbreak of 1967 and Subsequent Episodes

Cited by 70 publications

References 66 publications

Neurological Complications of Ebola Virus Infection

Neurological Complications of Ebola Virus Infection

How Ebola and Marburg viruses battle the immune system

Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses as Biological Weapons: Medical and Public Health Management

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