The marine actinomycete genus Salinispora: a model organism for secondary metabolite discovery

Jensen, Paul R.; Moore, Bradley S.; Fenical, William

doi:10.1039/c4np00167b

Cited by 171 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…A successful example is the relatively novel genus Salinispora , of which several species have been isolated from marine sediments of Guam, Palau and the Red Sea producing salinosporamides, inhibitors of the 20S proteasome (Jensen et al ., 2015). A promising underexplored habitat is also the human body: Recently, it has been shown that the nasal colonizing organism Staphylococcus lugduensis produces a novel peptide antibiotic (Peschel pers commun; Nature in press).…”

Section: Novel Approaches For Drug Discoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic drug discovery

Wohlleben

Mast

Stegmann

et al. 2016

Microbial Biotechnology

143

113

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SummaryDue to the threat posed by the increase of highly resistant pathogenic bacteria, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics; all the more so since in the last 20 years, the approval for new antibacterial agents had decreased. The field of natural product discovery has undergone a tremendous development over the past few years. This has been the consequence of several new and revolutionizing drug discovery and development techniques, which is initiating a ‘New Age of Antibiotic Discovery’. In this review, we concentrate on the most significant discovery approaches during the last and present years and comment on the challenges facing the community in the coming years.

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Section: Novel Approaches For Drug Discoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic drug discovery

Wohlleben

Mast

Stegmann

et al. 2016

Microbial Biotechnology

143

113

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“…Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based analyses visualized as molecular networks (57) led to the identification of known metabolites, including rifamycins, saliniketals, and staurosporine, in the extracts of both CNY-679 and CNS-820 Table S3). All of these compounds have been previously reported from S. arenicola (49), and all three metabolite groups contained strain-specific analogs. Out of 119 bacterial metabolites, 55 were present in the extracts of both S. arenicola strains, while 24 were unique to S. arenicola CNS-679, and 40 were unique to S. arenicola CNS-820.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is comprised of three named species, Salinispora arenicola, Salinispora tropica, and Salinispora pacifica (46,47), which are well delineated despite sharing 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity (48). Notably, these bacteria are a rich source of secondary metabolites (49), which have proven to be key phenotypic (50) and genotypic (45) features that differentiate the species. Secondary metabolism also distinguishes the competitive strategies employed by S. arenicola and S. tropica; in particular, the production of rifamycin antibiotics by S. arenicola contributes to its broad inhibitory capacity compared to that of the faster-growing S. tropica (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Actinomycete Secondary Metabolites on Sediment Microbial Communities

Patin

Schorn

Aguinaldo

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Marine sediments harbor complex microbial communities that remain poorly studied relative to other biomes such as seawater. Moreover, bacteria in these communities produce antibiotics and other bioactive secondary metabolites, yet little is known about how these compounds affect microbial community structure. In this study, we used next-generation amplicon sequencing to assess native microbial community composition in shallow tropical marine sediments. The results revealed complex communities comprised of largely uncultured taxa, with considerable spatial heterogeneity and known antibiotic producers comprising only a small fraction of the total diversity. Organic extracts from cultured strains of the sedimentdwelling actinomycete genus Salinispora were then used in mesocosm studies to address how secondary metabolites shape sediment community composition. We identified predatory bacteria and other taxa that were consistently reduced in the extract-treated mesocosms, suggesting that they may be the targets of allelopathic interactions. We tested related taxa for extract sensitivity and found general agreement with the culture-independent results. Conversely, several taxa were enriched in the extract-treated mesocosms, suggesting that some bacteria benefited from the interactions. The results provide evidence that bacterial secondary metabolites can have complex and significant effects on sediment microbial communities.IMPORTANCE Ocean sediments represent one of Earth's largest and most poorly studied biomes. These habitats are characterized by complex microbial communities where competition for space and nutrients can be intense. This study addressed the hypothesis that secondary metabolites produced by the sediment-inhabiting actinomycete Salinispora arenicola affect community composition and thus mediate interactions among competing microbes. Next-generation amplicon sequencing of mesocosm experiments revealed complex communities that shifted following exposure to S. arenicola extracts. The results reveal that certain predatory bacteria were consistently less abundant following exposure to extracts, suggesting that microbial metabolites mediate competitive interactions. Other taxa increased in relative abundance, suggesting a benefit from the extracts themselves or the resulting changes in the community. This study takes a first step toward assessing the impacts of bacterial metabolites on sediment microbial communities. The results provide insight into how low-abundance organisms may help structure microbial communities in ocean sediments.KEYWORDS chemical ecology, marine sediments, microbial communities, secondary metabolites

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“…18 Since freshwater systems harbor distinct environmental selection pressures and growth conditions, it was suspected that globally endemic freshwater microbial populations existed. This postulate was argued until the advent of molecular-based screening techniques.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deuteromethylactin B from a Freshwater-derivedStreptomycessp.

et al. 2015

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− Compared to their terrestrial and marine counterparts, little is known about the capacity of freshwater-derived actinomycete bacteria to produce novel secondary metabolites. In the current study, we highlight the disparities that exist between cultivation-independent and -dependent analyses of actinomycete communities from four locations in Lake Michigan sediment. Furthermore, through phylogenetic analysis of strains isolated from these locations, we identified a Streptomyces sp., strain B025, as being distinct from other Streptomyces spp. isolated from sediment. Upon fermentation this strain produced a rare class of eightmembered lactone secondary metabolites, which have been for their antitumor properties. We used spectroscopic and chemical derivitization techniques to characterize octalactin B (1) in addition to its corresponding novel, unnatural degradation product (2).

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The marine actinomycete genus Salinispora: a model organism for secondary metabolite discovery

Cited by 171 publications

References 137 publications

Antibiotic drug discovery

Antibiotic drug discovery

Effects of Actinomycete Secondary Metabolites on Sediment Microbial Communities

Deuteromethylactin B from a Freshwater-derivedStreptomycessp.

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