The Marine Carbon System and Ocean Acidification during Phanerozoic Time

Mackenzie, Fred T.; Andersson, Andréas

doi:10.7185/geochempersp.2.1

Cited by 73 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 235 publications

(493 reference statements)

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“…The DTA: DDIC relationship reflects the balance between net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and net primary production (NPP) (Gattuso et al 1996;Watanabe et al 2006;Andersson and Gledhill 2013;Lantz et al 2013;Mackenzie and Andersson 2013). If TA and DIC decrease at a rate greater than one, calcification exceeds primary production and if TA and DIC decrease at a rate less than one, primary production exceeds calcification.…”

Section: Ta: Dic Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Assessment of CO2–Carbonic Acid System Dynamics in a Pristine Coral Reef Ecosystem, French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

et al. 2017

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Observations of surface seawater fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO 2 ) and pH were collected over a period of several days at French Frigate Shoals (FFS) in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) in order to gain an understanding of the natural spatiotemporal variability of the marine inorganic carbon system in a pristine coral reef ecosystem. These data show clear island-to-open ocean gradients in fCO 2 and total alkalinity that can be measured 10-20 km offshore, indicating that metabolic processes influence the CO 2 -carbonic acid system over large areas of ocean surrounding FFS and by implication the islands and atolls of the NWHI. The magnitude and extent of this spatial gradient may be driven by a combination of physical and biogeochemical processes including reef water residence time, hydrodynamic forcing of currents and tidal flow, and metabolic processes that occur both on the reef and within the lagoon.

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Section: Ta: Dic Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Assessment of CO2–Carbonic Acid System Dynamics in a Pristine Coral Reef Ecosystem, French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

et al. 2017

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“…0.6 (Frankignoulle et al 1995). It is reasonable that the buffering capacity of seawater might vary significantly among different waters with variations in pH, alkalinity, salinity, and temperature (Millero 1995, Lerman & Mackenzie 2005, Dickson 2010, Mackenzie & Andersson 2013 Seaweeds (e.g. Saccharina, Gracilaria) are intricately involved as primary producers in coastal ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of oyster and seaweed on seawater dissolved inorganic carbon systems: implications for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture

Han¹,

Shi²,

Qi³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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We examined the separate effect of Portuguese oyster Crassostrea angulata and the interactive effects of oyster and red seaweed Gracilaria lemaneiformis on seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) systems and the air−sea CO 2 flux (F CO2 ) in Daya Bay, southern China. Respiration and calcification rates of oysters were measured and the effects of oyster aquaculture on marine DIC systems were evaluated. The interactive effects on seawater DIC and air−sea F CO2 were examined using mesocosms containing oyster and seaweed assemblages. Results showed populations of C. angulata cultured in Daya Bay sequestered ca. 258 g C m −2 yr −1 for shell formation, whereas the CO 2 released due to respiration and calcification was 349 and 153 g C m −2 yr −1 , respectively. This indicates that oyster cultivation in Daya Bay is a CO 2 generator, favoring the escape of CO 2 into the atmosphere. DIC, HCO 3 − and CO 2 concentrations and the partial pressure of CO 2 in oyster−seaweed co-cultured mesocosms were significantly lower than the oyster monoculture mesocosm. These results indicated that G. lemaneiformis effectively absorbs the CO 2 released by oysters. The negative values of air−sea F CO2 in the co-culture groups represent a CO 2 sink from the atmosphere to the sea. These results demonstrated that there could be an interspecies mutual benefit for both C. angulata and G. lemaneiformis in the integrated culture system. Considering that photosynthesis of seaweed is carbon limited, we suggest that the 2 species are co-cultured at a ratio of ca. 4:1 (based on fresh weight) for efficient utilization of DIC in seawater by G. lemaneiformis, and further to increase the ocean CO 2 sink.

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“…Dolomite concentrations do not form in an open sea. Because of their sedimentologic feature, dolomites have been deposited in mainly continental shallow-water environments, at considerably shallower depth and cooler temperatures (20-30°C) (Mackenzie and Andersson 2013;Whitaker and Xiao 2010). It could also be an effect of a dolomitization process which was going on during early burial (Whitaker and Xiao 2010).…”

Section: Environments Of Carbonate Phases With Magnesium Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The content of Ca and Mg elements in the dolomite structure (chemical formula (Ca,Mg)(CO 3 ) 2 ) can be presented as follows [Ca 0.5 (Böttcher et al 1997;Deer et al 1962). The formation of dolomite phase depends mainly on the Mg/Ca ratio, temperature, CO 2 content and reaction time (Mackenzie and Andersson 2013;Morse and Mackenzie 1990;Radha et al 2012;Tucker and Wright 1990). Protodolomite is usually formed during sediment compaction and the early stages of diagenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnesium could also come from weathering of land carbonate or silicate rocks. When delivered to seawater in a shelf zone, it usually forms dolomite and sometimes high-Mg calcite (Mackenzie and Andersson 2013;Morse and Mackenzie 1990). The stability of the carbonate phase that includes magnesium is usually connected with varying cationic sizes of Ca and Mg, the length of ionic radius and the strength of the ionic bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonate phases rich in magnesium in the Triassic limestones of the eastern part of the Germanic Basin

Stanienda

2016

Carbonates Evaporites

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This article presents the results of the studies of Triassic carbonate rock samples taken from the area of the Polish part of the Germanic Basin. The task of the study was the identification of carbonate phases with magnesium: a low-Mg calcite, a high-Mg calcite, a dolomite and a huntite in samples collected from the formations which build the profile of the Lower Muschelkalk in the Polish part of the Germanic Basin. The formations are named Gogolin Beds, Góra_ zd_ ze Beds, Dziewkowice Beds and Karchowice Beds. The mineral phases were described on the basis of the results of the following researches: microscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectrometry and microprobe measurements. Low-Mg calcite which dominates in the limestones can be demonstrated as follows: (Ca 1.00-0.98 ,Mg 0-0.02 ). In some samples, there is also a higher quantity of dolomite and lower amount of highMg calcite. The chemical formula of high-Mg calcite of Gogolin limestones can be demonstrated as Ca 0.9 Mg 0.1-CO 3 , whereas in high-Mg calcite of Góra_ zd_ ze limestones the relation assumes the form of Triassic carbonate rocks of the Germanic Basin. These sediments also occur in other countries of Europe, so that the data can be compared with information connected with the mineral composition of Triassic carbonate rocks situated in other places in the world.

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The Marine Carbon System and Ocean Acidification during Phanerozoic Time

Cited by 73 publications

References 235 publications

Spatiotemporal Assessment of CO2–Carbonic Acid System Dynamics in a Pristine Coral Reef Ecosystem, French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Spatiotemporal Assessment of CO2–Carbonic Acid System Dynamics in a Pristine Coral Reef Ecosystem, French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Interactive effects of oyster and seaweed on seawater dissolved inorganic carbon systems: implications for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture

Carbonate phases rich in magnesium in the Triassic limestones of the eastern part of the Germanic Basin

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