The Marketing of Female Escorts: A Gendered Perspective of Online Companionship Advertisements

Snow, Natalie M.; Radatz, Dana L.; Rhodes, Trisha N.

doi:10.1177/0306624x211010284

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…Some studies question the validity of media and advertising discourse (Lazar, 2009; Muraveva, 2018), highlighting the persistence of stereotypes in both male‐dominated and collectivist societies (e.g., Brazil, Middle Eastern countries, Spain, Turkey; Chatti, 2022; Fajula et al, 2021; Khalil & Dhanesh, 2020; Middleton et al, 2020; Vemuri, 2021; Yarimoglu, 2022) and individualistic societies (e.g., United States; Aley & Thomas, 2021; Snow et al, 2022). These stereotypes are prevalent across different eras of feminism and advertising formats.…”

Section: Findings Discussion and Direction For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female stereotypes and female empowerment in advertising: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

Gomez‐Borquez,

Török,

Centeno‐Velázquez

et al. 2024

Int J Consumer Studies

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This systematic literature review (SLR) seeks to foster the presence of feminism and women's diversity in advertising through a systematic, transparent, and rigorous framework‐based review and the 4Ws1H (What, Where, Why, and HoW) analysis. The study provides three main contributions. First, it offers an innovative conceptual framework for examining female stereotypes and female empowerment in advertising by categorizing the 21st‐century literature into the four evolutive eras of feminism: prefeminism, feminism, postfeminism, and the fourth wave of feminism. Second, this SLR reveals prevailing research trends, predominant research methodologies, frequently explored geographical regions, and industries of focus while providing a roadmap for future research endeavors. Finally, it acknowledges the lasting impact of femvertising as a response to consumer demands during the fourth wave of feminism and its role in promoting diversity and inclusion in advertising, encompassing disabilities, ethnicity, age, and gender identity. The main research trends uncovered in this study encompass the effects of female stereotypes, the sexualization of women in advertising, attitudes related to the brand, and the exploration of female empowerment. Qualitative methodologies emerged as the dominant approach in this research landscape, with a particular focus on countries boasting high gender equality. Furthermore, industries that predominantly target women in their advertising campaigns, such as fashion, luxury apparel, beauty, and personal care, occupy a central position in the existing body of literature. These findings encourage scholars to embark on future research aligned with the proposed research trends, particularly in regions characterized by lower gender equality and within gender‐neutral or male‐dominated industries.

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Section: Findings Discussion and Direction For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female stereotypes and female empowerment in advertising: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

Gomez‐Borquez,

Török,

Centeno‐Velázquez

et al. 2024

Int J Consumer Studies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

From Empowerment to Exploitation: Predicting Positive and Negative Associations with the Exchange of Sexual Services for Payment

Johansson,

Hansen

2023

Sexuality & Culture

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Few existing studies have delved into individual-level attitudes towards the exchange of sexual services for payment, leaving a significant gap in our understanding. Various studies have speculated about how certain demographic factors and attitudes may shape people's perceptions of causes and consequences relating to such exchanges, but none have directly investigated this topic. To bridge this gap, we predict individual-level associations between the exchange of sexual services for payment and positive and negative concepts. Using an original survey involving a substantial sample size of adults in the U.S. (n = 611), we examine the extent to which respondents associate these exchanges with sexual freedom, companionship, women's empowerment, poverty, women's exploitation, and human trafficking. Our study reveals some compelling results. When predicting attitudes towards the exchange of sexual services for payment, we find that women exhibit a stronger association with the negative concepts than men. Furthermore, individuals who view the exchange of sexual services for payment as socially acceptable are more likely to have stronger associations with the positive concepts. Surprisingly, the acceptability of exchanging sexual services for payment has no discernable impact on association with the negative concepts. The results add to our understanding of how the public perceives the exchange of sexual services for payment. A more nuanced understanding of public perception can foster constructive dialogues and debates, allowing for a more comprehensive exploration of potential policy solutions.

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Mapping as Harm Reduction: Using GIS to Map Chatter Associated with Sex Work

Towers

Navarro

Holt

2022

Victims & Offenders

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The Marketing of Female Escorts: A Gendered Perspective of Online Companionship Advertisements

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Female stereotypes and female empowerment in advertising: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

Female stereotypes and female empowerment in advertising: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

From Empowerment to Exploitation: Predicting Positive and Negative Associations with the Exchange of Sexual Services for Payment

Mapping as Harm Reduction: Using GIS to Map Chatter Associated with Sex Work

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