The Mass-spectra of Cadmium, Tellurium, and Bismuth

Discovery of palladium, antimony, tellurium, iodine, and xenon isotopes

“…"With the mass-spectrograph it was found that palladium consists of six isotopes with atomic masses 102, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110." 111…”

“…In "Radioactive isotopes of palladium and silver from palladium", Kraus and Cork reported the discovery of 111 Pd in 1937 [30]. 111 Pd was produced by bombarding palladium with 6.3 MeV deuterons from the University of Michigan cyclotron and irradiating palladium with fast and slow neutrons.…”

“…In "Radioactive isotopes of palladium and silver from palladium", Kraus and Cork reported the discovery of 111 Pd in 1937 [30]. 111 Pd was produced by bombarding palladium with 6.3 MeV deuterons from the University of Michigan cyclotron and irradiating palladium with fast and slow neutrons. Decay curves were measured with Lauritsen quartz fiber electroscopes and a Wulf string electrometer equipped with an ionization chamber following chemical separation.…”

“…In the 1972 paper "Decay of the light antimony isotopes 110,111,112,113,114 Sb following the 112,114 Sn(p,xn) reactions," Singh et al reported the discovery of 111 Sb [57]. Enriched 112 Sn targets were bombarded with 30 MeV protons from the UCLA cyclotron forming 111 Sb in the (p,2n) reaction.…”

Discovery of the thallium, lead, bismuth, and polonium isotopes

“…The discovery of several isotopes has only been reported in conference proceedings which are not accepted according to the second criterium. One example from fragmentation experiments why publications in conference proceedings should not be considered are 118 Tc and 120 Ru which had been reported as being discovered in a conference proceeding [5] but not in the subsequent refereed publication [6].…”