The MASTER-99 space debris and meteoroid environment model

Klinkrad, H.; Bendisch, J.; Bunte, Karl Dietrich; Krag, H.; Sdunnus, H.; Wegener, Peter P.

doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00416-1

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The number reached a maximum at approximately 800 km and then tends to decrease with altitude. There is a small peak at approximately 1,400 km, consistent with the theoretical distribution of the space debris calculated by the Meteoroid and Space Debris Terrestrial Environment Reference (MASTER) (Klinkrad et al., 2001). The peak at approximately 500 km is due to the dense still working LEO satellites; therefore, this peak is not reflected in the MASTER model.…”

Section: Simulation Of the Space Debris Detection Performance Of Syisrsupporting

confidence: 83%

Simulation and Observational Evaluation of Space Debris Detection by Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar

et al. 2022

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According to the definition given by the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, space debris consists of man-made objects, including their fragments and parts, in Earth orbit that are nonfunctional with no reasonable expectation of their being able to assume or resume their intended functions or any other functions for which they are or can be authorized (United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, 1999). A more general definition is that space debris includes both naturally occurring meteoroids and objects in Earth orbit that are generated by human activity (Krisko, 2007). With the increase in human space activities, the amount of space debris increases year by year. According to the latest data published by the European Space Agency, there exists 1,036,500 pieces of space debris larger than 1 cm in diameter around our Earth, but only approximately 3% (30,040) of them with larger sizes were cataloged (Ruchi & Arpit, 2021). Among the space debris not cataloged, the part with a diameter between 1 and 10 cm was the most dangerous (Zhao et al., 2015). The threat comes from the lack of their predictive location information as well as the failure of the passive protection. For the ground observations of the space debris, radars, optical telescopes, and laser systems are usually employed (

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Section: Simulation Of the Space Debris Detection Performance Of Syisrsupporting

confidence: 83%

Simulation and Observational Evaluation of Space Debris Detection by Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar

et al. 2022

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“…Prior to those reports the HRMP space sample had been used in many studies and models (e.g. Divine 1993; Klinkrad et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The orbital distribution of radar-detected meteoroids of the Solar system dust cloud

Galligan

Baggaley

2004

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The radar meteoroid orbit data set obtained from the AMOR facility in Christchurch, New Zealand (longitude 172°39′ E, latitude 43°34′ S) between 1995 May and 1999 October contains ∼5 × 105 high‐quality meteor records. The system was very sensitive compared with previous surveys, with a limiting radio magnitude of +14 corresponding to a 3 × 10−10 kg meteoroid mass limit (40‐μm diameter) being achieved. This data set is here examined to determine and remove biases inherent in the radar method. The fully corrected meteoroid orbital distribution at 1 au from the Sun is derived. This distribution replaces a previous, much used, orbital distribution produced by the earlier Harvard Radio Meteor Program (HRMP). Anomalies have been found in the original debiasing of the latter which strongly favoured meteoroids observed at low speeds. Three forms of output orbital element distributions have been produced in the present study. To aid comparisons, these forms are identical to those produced by the HRMP: the ‘directly observed’ output is that with no corrections applied, the ‘atmospheric’ sample is corrected for all in‐atmosphere effects, which includes electromagnetic wave propagation and ionospheric effects and the influence of the particular form of the radar system, and the ‘space sample’ is additionally corrected for collision probability with the Earth. The space sample has rather higher eccentricity and larger semimajor axis length orbits than directly observed by AMOR. Its inclination distribution shows a general decrease in number with inclination: with a peak at ∼20° and few meteors at inclinations very close to the ecliptic; a small population remains from the original ∼50 per cent of orbits in retrograde orientations. Comparison with the original HRMP space distributions shows little agreement, however the revised HRMP orbital element distributions of Taylor and Elford compares well. The higher number of orbits in the AMOR data set and the uncertainty involved in re‐reducing the older HRMP data shows a strong direction for the use of the AMOR as a standard.

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“…随着人类对太空的不断探索, 越来越多的废弃卫星产生, 给今后的太空活动带来了很多弊端 [1][2][3][4] . 随着太空垃圾逐步被重视, 对于废弃卫星的抓捕成为人们的重要研究方向, 并且为了减少自旋卫星抓捕过程的复杂性, 自旋卫星的消旋过程变得格外的重要 [5] .…”

Section: 引言unclassified

Dynamic analysis of rotating satellite de-spun using <?A3B2 ACK?>flexible brush

Sun¹,

Wu²,

Wei³

et al. 2018

Sci. Sin.-Phys. Mech. Astron.

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The MASTER-99 space debris and meteoroid environment model

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Simulation and Observational Evaluation of Space Debris Detection by Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar

Simulation and Observational Evaluation of Space Debris Detection by Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar

The orbital distribution of radar-detected meteoroids of the Solar system dust cloud

Dynamic analysis of rotating satellite de-spun using <?A3B2 ACK?>flexible brush

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The MASTER-99 space debris and meteoroid environment model

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Simulation and Observational Evaluation of Space Debris Detection by Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar

Simulation and Observational Evaluation of Space Debris Detection by Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar

The orbital distribution of radar-detected meteoroids of the Solar system dust cloud

Dynamic analysis of rotating satellite de-spun using &lt;?A3B2 ACK?&gt;flexible brush

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Dynamic analysis of rotating satellite de-spun using <?A3B2 ACK?>flexible brush