This chapter provides an introduction to the contents of this edited volume. In keeping with the style of the previous edited volumes, we also consider research perspectives. The first part of this chapter contributes to the selection of some key perspectives that take into account not only the technical interest of modeling and simulation, but also the impact that this research activity can have on the well-being of society. The second part provides a brief introduction to the contents of the chapters that follow this editorial introduction. The contents of the chapter refer both to the aforementioned key topics and to the contents of the preceding edited volumes [5,8,15].