The Maturation Pathway of Nickel Urease

Nim, Yap Shing; Wong, Kam-Bo

doi:10.3390/inorganics7070085

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(277 reference statements)

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“…The urease enzyme contains two Ni 2+ atoms at the active site [22] which are required for the enzymatic degradation of urea via hydrolysis. Although it has been understood for decades that Ni 2+ is essential to the activity of urease, its role in selectivity has yet to be fully realized [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrooxidation of urea and creatinine on nickel foam-based electrocatalysts

Carpenter

Stuve

2021

J Appl Electrochem

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Electrooxidation of urea and creatinine is desirable for wastewater remediation and portable dialysis to remove the two solutes from aqueous waste streams. Urine concentrations of urea (330 mM) and creatinine (18 mM) are relevant for wastewater remediation while portable dialysis must be able to remove blood serum concentrations of urea (10 mM) and creatinine (0.18 mM) from dialysate. Three nickel foam-based electrocatalysts (clean Ni foam, Ni hydroxide, and Ni hydroxide doped with 1 mol % iron) were examined as substrates for the simultaneous electrooxidation of urea and creatinine. Electrodes were hydrothermally fabricated and characterized by loading, scanning electron microscopy and elemental mapping. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to electrochemically evaluate the three catalysts. All electrochemical experiments were performed at room temperature and pH 14. The results indicate that creatinine in urea solutions suppresses the oxidation current relative to urea-only solutions on Ni foam and Ni hydroxide catalysts. On iron-doped Ni hydroxide, an enhanced oxidation current occurs in cyclic voltammetry of creatinine/urea solutions, with the effect greater for dialysaterelevant concentrations. In chronoamperometry measurements, a slight decrease in oxidation current is observed for urea/creatinine solutions as compared with urea alone. This behavior is attributed to concurrent reactions of urea and creatinine subject to site blocking by adsorbed creatinine fragments that becomes evident at long time scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrooxidation of urea and creatinine on nickel foam-based electrocatalysts

Carpenter

Stuve

2021

J Appl Electrochem

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“…The biological role of Ni in animals remains unclear, but some studies suggest its implication in reproductive and metabolic processes. Ni is a well-known essential co-factor of at least nine bacterial enzymes therefore indirectly influencing human health as part of the natural microbiome or pathogens [20,[26][27][28]. Besides its high allergenic potential, Ni can also act as an immunotoxic and carcinogenic agent, can contribute to acute and chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and it has revealed embryotoxic and teratogenic properties in animal studies [29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Physiologic Functions and Toxicity Of Ni Co And Pd Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Mechanisms of Metal Allergies and the Nickel-Specific TCR-pMHC Interface

Riedel

Aparicio‐Soto

Curato

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Besides having physiological functions and general toxic effects, many metal ions can cause allergic reactions in humans. We here review the immune events involved in the mediation of metal allergies. We focus on nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and palladium (Pd), because these allergens are among the most prevalent sensitizers (Ni, Co) and immediate neighbors in the periodic table of the chemical elements. Co-sensitization between Ni and the other two metals is frequent while the knowledge on a possible immunological cross-reactivity using in vivo and in vitro approaches remains limited. At the center of an allergic reaction lies the capability of a metal allergen to form T cell epitopes that are recognized by specific T cell receptors (TCR). Technological advances such as activation-induced marker assays and TCR high-throughput sequencing recently provided new insights into the interaction of Ni2+ with the αβ TCR-peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) interface. Ni2+ functionally binds to the TCR gene segment TRAV9-2 or a histidine in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3), the main antigen binding region. Thus, we overview known, newly identified and hypothesized mechanisms of metal-specific T cell activation and discuss current knowledge on cross-reactivity.

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“…While no essential role for Ni has been identified, it is a cofactor in multiple enzymes in bacteria, archaea, and fungi [134]. One well-kown Ni-containing enzyme is urease, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea [135]. Since urease, as a Ni-dependent enzyme, is often found in human gut bacteria, human gut health is correlated with the presence of Ni and indirectly important to human health [136].…”

Section: Nickel (Ni)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, urease is virulence a factor for Helicobacter pylori, which is a causative agent of stomach ulcers [137]. Thus, the presence of Ni in vitamins supports the well being of beneficial bacteria by inhibiting some of the 40 known pathogenic species potentially residing in the human gut and, thus indirectly benefitting the human host [135].…”

Section: Nickel (Ni)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The First-Row Transition Metals in the Periodic Table of Medicine

Cleave

Crans

2019

Inorganics

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In this manuscript, we describe medical applications of each first-row transition metal including nutritional, pharmaceutical, and diagnostic applications. The 10 first-row transition metals in particular are found to have many applications since there five essential elements among them. We summarize the aqueous chemistry of each element to illustrate that these fundamental properties are linked to medical applications and will dictate some of nature’s solutions to the needs of cells. The five essential trace elements—iron, copper, zinc, manganese, and cobalt—represent four redox active elements and one redox inactive element. Since electron transfer is a critical process that must happen for life, it is therefore not surprising that four of the essential trace elements are involved in such processes, whereas the one non-redox active element is found to have important roles as a secondary messenger.. Perhaps surprising is the fact that scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, and nickel have many applications, covering the entire range of benefits including controlling pathogen growth, pharmaceutical and diagnostic applications, including benefits such as nutritional additives and hardware production of key medical devices. Some patterns emerge in the summary of biological function andmedical roles that can be attributed to small differences in the first-row transition metals.

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The Maturation Pathway of Nickel Urease

Cited by 32 publications

References 126 publications

Electrooxidation of urea and creatinine on nickel foam-based electrocatalysts

Electrooxidation of urea and creatinine on nickel foam-based electrocatalysts

Immunological Mechanisms of Metal Allergies and the Nickel-Specific TCR-pMHC Interface

The First-Row Transition Metals in the Periodic Table of Medicine

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