The MAX IV Facility

Al-Dmour, Eshraq; Ahlbäck, Jonny; Andersson, Åke; Bocchetta, C.J.; Johansson, Martin; Kumbaro, Dionis; Leemann, Simon; Lilja, Per; Lindau, Filip; Malmgren, Lars; Mansten, Erik; Modéer, Jonas; Nilsson, Richard; Sjöström, Magnus; Tavares, Pedro Fernandes; Thorin, Sara; Wallén, Erik; Werin, Sverker; Wawrzyniak, Adriana

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/425/7/072008

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Table I shows the MAX IV 3 GeV ring parameters assumed in the calculations reported in this paper. Only operation at full current (500 mA) was considered and all 176 bunches were assumed equally populated, which implies that our treatment does not consider transient effects 1 due to the presence of a gap in the bunch train. This limitation is, however, not a problem for the MAX IV case in its baseline configuration, which does not foresee the use of such gaps.…”

Section: B Full Self-consistencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MAX IV facility [1], currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, includes a 3 GeV storage ring optimized for hard x rays and featuring ultralow emittance (down to 0.2 nm rad) and a 1.5 GeV storage ring optimized for soft x rays and UV radiation production. A 3 GeV linear accelerator plays the role of a full-energy injector into both rings as well as delivers the beam to a short pulse facility designed to produce spontaneous radiation from undulators with pulse lengths down to 100 fs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equilibrium bunch density distribution with passive harmonic cavities in a storage ring

Tavares

Andersson

Hansson

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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The MAX IV storage rings, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will use third harmonic cavities operated passively to lengthen the bunches and alleviate collective instabilities. These cavities are an essential ingredient in the MAX IV design concept and are required for achieving the final design goals in terms of stored current, beam emittance, and beam lifetime-such performance challenges are in fact common to all recent ultralow emittance storage ring designs and harmonic cavities are currently under consideration in several laboratories. In this paper, we report on parametric studies comparing different harmonic cavity settings in terms of the resulting bunch length, peak bunch density, and incoherent synchrotron frequency spread for the MAX IV 3 GeV ring. The equilibrium longitudinal bunch density distribution was calculated by establishing a self-consistent equation for the bunch form factor, describing the bunch shape. The calculations are fully self-consistent in the sense that not only the amplitude but also the phase of the waves excited by the beam in the harmonic cavity were assumed to be a function of the bunch shape, which allowed us to explore a wide parameter range not restricted to the region close to the conditions for which the first and second derivatives of the total rf voltage are zero at the synchronous phase. Our results indicate that up to a factor 5 increase in rms bunch length is achievable with a purely passive system for the MAX IV 3 GeV ring while keeping a relatively large harmonic cavity detuning, thus limiting the unavoidable Robinson antidamping rate from the fundamental mode of a passively operated harmonic cavity to values below the synchrotron radiation damping rate. The paper is complemented by results of measurements performed in the MAX III storage ring, which showed good agreement with calculations following the fully self-consistent approach.

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Section: B Full Self-consistencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium bunch density distribution with passive harmonic cavities in a storage ring

Tavares

Andersson

Hansson

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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“…The partially coherent X-ray beam has been simulated using the Gaussian Schell model (Gori & Palma, 1978), allowing for approximate description of partially coherent undulator radiation in a synchrotron source (Coïsson, 1995). In this model the fully coherent single-electron undulator radiation is approximated by a coherent Gaussian beam, which, strictly speaking, is not fully accurate and results in a limited applicability of this model (Geloni et al, 2008); and the electron beam, in which different electrons are producing non-correlated temporally incoherent emission, is represented by an incoherent source with a Gaussian density distribution, the latter being a good approximation for the equilibrium state of an electron beam circulating in a storage ring.…”

Section: Low-coherence Gaussian Beammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…storage rings and free-electron lasers (FELs), X-ray beam micro-focusing is routinely used in a large number of experimental techniques. The appearance of new lowemittance storage ring sources (Ozaki et al, 2007;Eriksson et al, 2013;Reich, 2013), which generate considerable amounts of coherent X-ray flux, the start-up of operation of the X-ray FEL, producing highly coherent X-ray pulses (Emma et al, 2010;Ishikawa et al, 2012), and the recent substantial improvement of mirror surface quality allowing nearly diffraction-limited resolution to be achieved (Mimura et al, 2010;Yamauchi et al, 2011), make it particularly important to use accurate wave-optics-based methods (Bahrdt, 1997;Chubar & Elleaume, 1998;Chubar et al, 2002) for the simulation, optimization and design of such mirror systems and entire beamlines containing them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partially coherent X-ray wavefront propagation simulations including grazing-incidence focusing optics

Canestrari

Chubar

Reininger

2014

J Synchrotron Radiat

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X-ray beamlines in modern synchrotron radiation sources make extensive use of grazing-incidence reflective optics, in particular Kirkpatrick-Baez elliptical mirror systems. These systems can focus the incoming X-rays down to nanometer-scale spot sizes while maintaining relatively large acceptance apertures and high flux in the focused radiation spots. In low-emittance storage rings and in free-electron lasers such systems are used with partially or even nearly fully coherent X-ray beams and often target diffraction-limited resolution. Therefore, their accurate simulation and modeling has to be performed within the framework of wave optics. Here the implementation and benchmarking of a wave-optics method for the simulation of grazing-incidence mirrors based on the local stationary-phase approximation or, in other words, the local propagation of the radiation electric field along geometrical rays, is described. The proposed method is CPU-efficient and fully compatible with the numerical methods of Fourier optics. It has been implemented in the Synchrotron Radiation Workshop (SRW) computer code and extensively tested against the geometrical ray-tracing code SHADOW. The test simulations have been performed for cases without and with diffraction at mirror apertures, including cases where the grazing-incidence mirrors can be hardly approximated by ideal lenses. Good agreement between the SRW and SHADOW simulation results is observed in the cases without diffraction. The differences between the simulation results obtained by the two codes in diffraction-dominated cases for illumination with fully or partially coherent radiation are analyzed and interpreted. The application of the new method for the simulation of wavefront propagation through a high-resolution X-ray microspectroscopy beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA) is demonstrated.

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“…However, despite the absence of temporal coherence, the radiation in storage ring sources can have a considerable degree of the transverse coherence, which depends on the electron beam transverse emittance in these facilities. The technical possibility of construction of storage rings with very small, sub-nanometer level of horizontal (and picometer level of vertical) emittances, 13,14 where the SR transverse coherence is significant even in the X-ray range, and the growing interest of X-ray user community to experimental techniques exploiting the coherence, particularly increase the importance of accurate partially-coherent simulations for the modern light sources. The partially-coherent simulations are performed in SRW by averaging of intensity distributions obtained from the propagated (to a given location of a beamline) electric fields from individual "macro-electrons" seeded over the phase space occupied by the electron beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent updates in the “Synchrotron Radiation Workshop” code, on-going developments, simulation activities, and plans for the future

Chubar

2014

SPIE Proceedings

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Recent updates in the "Synchrotron Radiation Workshop" physical optics computer code, including the transition to the Open Source development format, the results of the on-going collaborative development efforts in the area of X-ray optics, in particular grazing incidence mirrors, gratings and crystal monochromators, and in other areas, as well as some simulation activities for storage ring and X-ray free-electron laser sources are reported. Future development plans are discussed.

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The MAX IV Facility

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Equilibrium bunch density distribution with passive harmonic cavities in a storage ring

Equilibrium bunch density distribution with passive harmonic cavities in a storage ring

Partially coherent X-ray wavefront propagation simulations including grazing-incidence focusing optics

Recent updates in the “Synchrotron Radiation Workshop” code, on-going developments, simulation activities, and plans for the future

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