The Maxwell-Stefan Formulation of Irreversible Thermodynamics for Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer

Impact of non-ideality on mixing of hydrocarbons and water at supercritical or near-critical conditions

“…The same expression has been proposed by Krishna et al [15], but without a theoretical derivation. The notations in this study are different from the cited works, and the Appendix shows that these notations are essentially the same.…”

“…In the literature, two methodologies have been utilized: 1) modeling turbulent mixing in the absence of phase boundaries [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], and 2) microscale modeling of individual droplets immersed in supercritical or near-critical fluids [1,2,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The former applies only to fully miscible conditions.…”

“…This ideal driving force has been commonly used in the diffusion study. However when non-ideal fluid behavior becomes important, Krishna and co-workers [15] proposed a formulation of the non-ideal diffusive driving force without derivations. Recently, Bird and co-workers [14,16] re-derived the same formulation based on a thorough foundation using the molecular theory of gases and liquids (MTGL, 1954 [17]).…”

Modeling Solute Thermokinetics in LiCI-KCI Molten Salt for Nuclear Waste Separation

“…Thus, in general, MS diffusivities can be regarded to be strongly dependent on the thermodynamic state which somewhat negates the original motivation for developing the multicomponent MS framework [71]. Further investigations are needed on strongly non-ideal systems to assess the postulated benefits of MS framework in experimental and theoretical analyses.…”

Form of multicomponent Fickian diffusion coefficients matrix

“…Furthermore, Hirschfelder et al [9] show that in ideal gas mixtures, all molecular diffusion coefficients are non-negative. Standart et al [10] generalize this ideal gas restriction to prove the non-negative restrictive constraints on Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients.…”