The meaning of compulsive exercise in women with anorexia nervosa: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Kolnes, Liv-Jorunn; Rodriguez-Morales, Lymarie

doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2015.12.002

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Sample sizes ranged between 1 ( 5 , 6 , 9 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 36 ) and 134 ( 34 ). This comprised seven case descriptions ( 5 , 6 , 9 , 26 , 31 , 33 , 36 ), six qualitative semi-structured interviews ( 7 , 8 , 27 – 30 ) (of which two are in fact separate analyses of a single data pool), one qualitative structured interview ( 34 ), one written questionnaire with open questions ( 37 ), and two qualitative interviews of unclear form ( 32 , 35 ). Nine also employed quantitative instruments to assess problems related to exercise ( 7 , 26 – 29 , 31 , 34 , 35 , 37 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excessive Exercise—A Meta-Review

et al. 2020

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Background and Aims: While a number of studies have reported on individuals who exercise excessively, and feel unable to stop despite negative consequences, there is still insufficient evidence to categorize exercise as an addictive disorder. The aim of this meta-review is to summarize the published articles and to compile a list of symptoms reported in the qualitative literature in conjunction with excessive exercise. This list is compared with the DSM-5 criteria for gambling disorder, and initial diagnostic criteria for exercise addiction are suggested.Methods: The databases MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycInfo were searched for qualitative studies or case reports, in which excessive exercise was the main focus. All symptoms reported in conjunction with excessive exercise were extracted from each study and documented. Symptoms were also compared to the diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder.Results: Seventeen studies were included in the review, yielding 56 distinct symptoms. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool showed that the majority of the studies were of acceptable quality. Exercise-related symptoms corresponded with seven of the nine DSM-5 criteria for gambling disorder. The ten suggested criteria for exercise addiction are: increasing volume, negative affect, inability to reduce, preoccupation, exercise as coping, continuation despite illness/injury, minimization, jeopardized relationships, continuation despite recognizing consequences, guilt when exercise is missed.Discussion: Our results suggest that excessive exercise may constitute a behavioral addiction, based on the criteria of the DSM-5.Conclusions: Subsequent studies should aim to systematically classify symptoms of excessive exercise; in addition, it should be noted that basic questionnaires may be need to be supplemented with detailed clinical examinations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine also employed quantitative instruments to assess problems related to exercise ( 7 , 26 – 29 , 31 , 34 , 35 , 37 ). For the following section on study characteristics, the two articles which report on a single data pool ( 8 , 30 ) were only be counted once (although both citations have been listed).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive Exercise—A Meta-Review

et al. 2020

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“…This state may feed a feeling of being overwhelmed by the body, and might be counterproductive regarding the individual's capability not only to connect with her body, but also to bring "the non-mental into the realm of the mental" (Allen, 2008: p. 105). Indeed, identifying and exploring embodied feelings and distress in clients with anorexia nervosa may offer the individual some sense of connecting with his or her feelings, and, as important, of how to make sense of these (Kolnes and Rodriguez-Morales, 2016). As such, and as opposed to the assumed difficulties clients with anorexia nervosa may have in perceiving and interpreting stimuli arising in their bodies (Bruch, 1962), it may be hypothesized that free respiration and a flexible, balanced body may enhance the ability to recognize the body as one´s own and the capacity to mentalize emotion, in terms of being aware of feelings and their meanings.…”

Section: Interpretation and Implications Of Body Examination Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and physical therapy help restore body and self in clients with severe anorexia nervosa

Kolnes

2017

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

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“…During the past decade, there has been an increased understanding of the complexity of the function of exercise as a symptom of ED. From the belief that exercise was solely a weight compensatory behavior [ 11 ], exercise is now acknowledged as important for suppressing negative affect [ 7 , 8 , 23 , 24 ]. In a maintenance model for compulsive exercise, Meyer et al [ 27 ] suggested that there is a reciprocally reinforcing relationship between compulsive exercise and affect regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…overtrained athletes [ 1 ]. A qualitative study among women with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) also showed that the exercise functioned as a distraction and escape, a strategy for reducing embodied distress, a time-out from conflicting thoughts and feelings, and a relation to their sense of self and identity [ 24 ]. Dealing with these issues and complexity in treatment seem to improve the success of gaining weight and reduction of compulsive exercise among excessive exercisers [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the process of change in psychopathology and exercise during inpatient treatment for adults with longstanding eating disorders

Bratland‐Sanda

Vrabel²

2018

J Eat Disord

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BackgroundExcessive exercise is recognized as a predictor of poor outcome in eating disorders. However, little is known about how excessive exercise might affect the treatment process. The aim of this study was to describe process of weekly changes in eating disorder psychopathology, general psychopathology and exercise, and the possible interactive effects of excessive exercise on these changes during inpatient treatment of longstanding eating disorders.MethodsEighty-four patients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, or Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified received inpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy including, physical activity and nutritional counselling treatment over 12 weeks. Excessive exercise was defined as having ≥6 episodes of driven exercise during week 1 of treatment. Excessive exercisers received one additional session of individual counseling with the clinical exercise physiologist. The study used repeated measurements during treatment and collected measures of eating disorders: psychopathology (EDE-Q), general psychopathology (SCL-5), and frequencies of exercise and body mass index (BMI). Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsBoth eating disorders and general psychopathology were reduced from admission to discharge in excessive exercisers and non-exercisers. There was an overall interaction effect between time (week) and excessive exercise for the process of exercise and eating disorders psychopathology reduction. This interaction effect was also found in week 10 vs 11 regarding general psychopathology. The excessive exercisers showed steep reduction at first, followed by a smaller increase towards the end of treatment in both eating disorder and general psychopathology; this pattern was not found among the non-exercisers.ConclusionThe process of change in exercise and psychopathology during inpatient treatment of longstanding eating disorders differs across excessive and non-excessive exercisers. Although excessive exercisers were given special attention for their exercise cognition and behavior during treatment, it is apparent that this part of treatment must be further developed.

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The meaning of compulsive exercise in women with anorexia nervosa: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 86 publications

Excessive Exercise—A Meta-Review

Excessive Exercise—A Meta-Review

Exercise and physical therapy help restore body and self in clients with severe anorexia nervosa

An investigation of the process of change in psychopathology and exercise during inpatient treatment for adults with longstanding eating disorders

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