“…One frequently cited reason is that learners perceive school science and science more broadly as both difficult, and as 'irrelevant' both for themselves and for the society in which they live and operate (Dillon, 2009;Gilbert, 2006;Holbrook, 2008;Stuckey, Hofstein, Mamlok-Naaman, & Eilks, 2013). Science teachers have worked to make education 'more relevant' in order to better interest and motivate their students (Holbrook, 2003(Holbrook, , 2005Newton, 1988aNewton, , 1988b; however, it remains unclear that this has had much effect.…”