The Means to Improve Water Treatment and to Enhance Power Engineering Performance of the Water Source Heat Pump

Abstract

The subject matter of the paper is related to scientific-and-theoretical basis of power engineering characteristics of heat pump directly depending on the quality of treated water for reliable and uninterrupted operation of heat pump evaporator and compressor. On the basis of experimental data, energy parameters of the heat pump are calculated. The method of the combined technology of the heat pump “water – air” operation is considеred, the efficiency of which is based on the preliminary improvement of the quality of water softened with the use of a membrane ultrafiltration unit. This solution made it possible to reduce the load on the filters and to exclude the use of chemical reagents used in the classical schemes of water heating facilities. In order to improve the operation of the heat pump compressor, a method based on altering the speed of rotation of the shaft by means of electronic microprocessor devices has been proposed. To regulate the compressor performance, a frequency converter with a wide range of alternating current frequency is used. The intervals of alteration of frequency of the alternating current corresponding to energy-efficient values of coefficient of transformation of energy of the heat pump are investigated. The values of the energy conversion coefficient of the heat pump obtained in the course of experiments and determined by calculation are consistent within the experimental errors with the regulation of the compressor performance. The suggested experimental device made it possible to determine the dependence of the main characteristics of the unit of the heat pump unit on the number of revolutions of the compressor and to find out an effective range of its control (50–180 %). The development of advanced technologies for natural water treatment under conditions of increased anthropogenic loads on natural water sources is a priority one among the fundamental and applied research in the field of water treatment.

Evaluation of the Energy Efficiency of the Stage Compression Heat Pump Cycle

“…Ро;Т В качестве рабочего агента теплового насоса рассмотрены озонобезопасные неазеотропные хладагенты (фреоны) R134а и R600а [4,5], позволяющие с наибольшей эффективностью осуществлять утилизацию низкопотенциальной теплоты и в то же время уменьшить вредное влияние на окружающую среду.…”

“…Применение ТН в целях отопления, горячего водоснабжения и кондиционирования является альтернативой другим традиционным способам, таким как центральное водяное отопление, электрообогрев, вентиляция и др. [2][3][4]. Несмотря на то что возможность применения обратного термодинамического цикла Карно в отопительных и охлаждающих устройствах была выявлена достаточно давно, тепловые насосы получили широкое распространение только в последнее время [5][6][7].…”

Advanced Control of a District Heating System with High Residential Domestic Hot Water Demand

“…Secondly, 4GDH brings an idea of distributing heat at temperature below 45°C and using a heat pump at a consumer substation to provide the appropriate temperature required for space heating (SH) and DHW production [6]. If multiple heat pumps are installed, the seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) of the entire system may be calculated as a weighted average of the SCOPs of the reference buildings, using the energy needs as weights [7]. It has been estimated that widespread use of a heat pump at an energy transfer station could reduce GHG by 1.25 billion tonnes over next 30 years [8].…”

Study on the modernisation of an extra-worn district heating (DH) system in Russia: low temperature DH and 4 more options processing

“…The specific investment costs for the heat pumps include also installation costs and may vary from building to building due to economies of scale [9]. These prices are obtained from a heat pump manufacturer, and typically do not include realistic prices of water treatment representing almost half of operational costs [10]. In Ref.…”