The measurement of domestic ventilation: An experimental and theoretical investigation with particular reference to the use of carbon dioxide as a tracer substance

Renbourn, E. T.; Angus, T. C.; Ellison, John M.; Croton, L. M.; Jones, Merlin Stephens

doi:10.1017/s0022172400014297

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Haldane gas analysis apparatus, used particularly for measuring the logarithmic decrement of carbon dioxide concentration in domestic ventilation studies (Renbourn, Angus, Ellison & Jones, 1949), where accuracy is required at concentrations between 5 and 0.5 % CO2 iflarge errors in air change are to be avoided. While the portable Haldane apparatus gives far higher accuracy it is considerably more difficult to use in routine work and does not measure concentrations of CO2 above G-0 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some errors in gas analysis using the Haldane apparatus

Renbourn

Ellison

Croton

1950

J. Hyg.

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1. The paper represents an attempt to estimate the error of the standard 10 ml. Haldane gas analysis apparatus under routine conditions of use.2. The ultimate error of the instrument under optimum conditions has been obtained from duplicate mercury calibrations of the same instrument and corresponds to s.d. = 0·013% gas. A significant day-to-day variation in calibration was found.3. The accuracy in routine use has been determined by replicate estimations of CO2 and O2 in air and from estimation of CO2 in designed experiments. The data show an error corresponding to s.d. = 0·027 to 0·13%. This is far larger than that described by Haldane.4. Examination of the distribution of terminal digits in burette readings shows that the smallest scale division is in fact not being divided into ten parts by the worker. Preference for certain digits varies with the individual, with time, and with the accuracy required.5. There is a marked tendency for a worker to obtain an ‘expected result’, whether this is derived from a previous estimation of the same sample or from knowledge of the expected result; such bias tends to reduce the apparent error of estimation. Bias of replication—‘prejudice error’—may play a part in many forms of measurement.6. The results and conclusions are discussed in relation to other published data on errors of measurement in general.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some errors in gas analysis using the Haldane apparatus

Renbourn

Ellison

Croton

1950

J. Hyg.

Self Cite

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“…This relationship was first used to experimentally estimate the rate of ventilation in 1858 by Max von Pettenkofer, who measured COg produced by human respiration or by burning candles [70].…”

Section: The Tracer Gas Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the late nineteenth century, to improve the accuracy of the method, the concentrations of carbon dioxide were increased by releasing com pressed gas into the space to be studied [70]. But experimental errors associated with the measurements were large and, thus, the method never was routinely used to evaluate ventilation rates in buildings [71].…”

Section: The Tracer Gas Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method to characterize air exchange in residences for evaluation of indoor air quality

Maldonado

Eduardo²

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INFORMATION TO USERSThis reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted.The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is anindication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame.3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of "sectioning" the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. Detailed Description of the Proposed Procedure for Indoor Air Quality Surveys 162Step 1 -Conduct tracer-gas study 162Step 2 -Conduct house survey 163Step 3 Table 8. Concentrations of tracer gas at the end of the 82 tests #3 and #4 Table 9. Zonal air exchange rates 90 Table 10. Zonal ventilation efficiencies 92 Table 11. Zonal values of the Relative Exposure Index 99 for tracer-gas injection in the lower greenhouse (test #7) Table 23. Results from the tracer-gas study for House #1 123 Table 24. Mass air quality factors in House #1 127 Table 25. Thermal air quality factors in House #1 127 Table 26. Results from the tracer-gas study for House #2 130 Table 27. Indoor air quality factors in House #2 133 Table 28. Results from the tracer-gas study for House #3 136 Table 29. Indoor air quality factors in House #3 139 Table 30. Results from the tracer-gas study for House #4 142

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“…In 1824, Tredgold established the relationship between the concentration of indoor carbon dioxide and the rate of ventilation to the space [30]. This relationship was first used to experimentally estimate the rate of ventilation in 1858 by Max von Pettenkofer, who measured COg produced by human respiration or by burning candles [70].…”

Section: The Tracer Gas Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to characterize air exchange in residences for evaluation of indoor air quality

Maldonado

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This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. Universi^ A/toonlms Intemationcd 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Art)or, MI 48106

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The measurement of domestic ventilation: An experimental and theoretical investigation with particular reference to the use of carbon dioxide as a tracer substance

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Some errors in gas analysis using the Haldane apparatus

Some errors in gas analysis using the Haldane apparatus

A method to characterize air exchange in residences for evaluation of indoor air quality

A method to characterize air exchange in residences for evaluation of indoor air quality

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