The measurement of river bank erosion and lateral channel change: A review

Lawler, Damian

doi:10.1002/esp.3290180905

Cited by 358 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…For the purposes of this paper we focus on the first monitoring period, between October and December 2003. Bank retreat during this period was monitored by periodic topographic surveys, combined with a network of vertical pins at a total of 27 sections distributed along the bank top for prompt baseline resurvey using perpendicular offsets [Lawler, 1993] immediately after each flow event, and horizontal erosion pins along 6 representative bank profiles. Bank retreat observed during the study period is reported in Figure 2.…”

Section: Study Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and bank erosion in a river bend

Rinaldi

Mengoni²,

Luppi

et al. 2008

Water Resources Research

204

141

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[1] We present an integrated analysis of bank erosion in a high-curvature bend of the gravel bed Cecina River (central Italy). Our analysis combines a model of fluvial bank erosion with groundwater flow and bank stability analyses to account for the influence of hydraulic erosion on mass failure processes, the key novel aspect being that the fluvial erosion model is parameterized using outputs from detailed hydrodynamic simulations. The results identify two mechanisms that explain how most bank retreat usually occurs after, rather than during, flood peaks. First, in the high curvature bend investigated here the maximum flow velocity core migrates away from the outer bank as flow discharge increases, reducing sidewall boundary shear stress and fluvial erosion at peak flow stages. Second, bank failure episodes are triggered by combinations of pore water and hydrostatic confining pressures induced in the period between the drawdown and rising phases of multipeaked flow events.

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Section: Study Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and bank erosion in a river bend

Rinaldi

Mengoni²,

Luppi

et al. 2008

Water Resources Research

204

141

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“…Notable exceptions to this trend include some work that has sought to quantify entrainment thresholds and process rates (e.g., Lawler et al, 1997a;Simon et al, 2000;Dapporto, 2001). The role of weathering as a significant agent of erosion has also started to be recognised (e.g., Lawler, 1993;Prosser et al, 2000;Couper and Maddock, 2001), both in headwater reaches (where weathering may be the dominant mechanism by which sediment is removed from the bank face) and, elsewhere, as a mechanism for enhancing bank erodibility and promoting fluvial erosion. Fig.…”

Section: Gbr1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluvial erosion is defined as the removal of bank material by the action of hydraulic forces, although it generally occurs in combination with weathering processes that prepare bank sediments for erosion by enhancing their erodibility (Hooke, 1980;Thorne, 1982;Lawler, 1993; ASCE Task Committee on Hydraulics, Bank Mechanics, and Modeling of River Width Adjustment, 1998;Prosser et al, 2000;Couper and Maddock, 2001). Relative to mass failure, fluvial erosion is, at the scale of the flow event and once the critical entrainment threshold has been exceeded, a quasi-continuous process, with the volume of sediment delivered by fluvial erosion dependent on the duration of the competent flow.…”

Section: Modelling Fluvial Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive review of the methods used to observe bank erosion was provided by Lawler (1993). Recently, techniques such as digital photogrammetry and laser scanning (e.g., Lane et al, 1994;Barker et al, 1997;Nagihara et al, 2004) can provide the opportunity to define river bank topography at unprecedented spatial resolution (surveys with point densities of ca.…”

Section: Erosion Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These contributions include a number of excellent reviews (Lawler, 1993;Lawler et al, 1997b;Couper, 2004), including those published by Grissinger (1982) and Thorne (1982) in the original Gravel-Bed Rivers volume . So what might 'yet' another review of bank-erosion processes actually achieve?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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9 Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: progress towards fully coupled simulations

Rinaldi¹,

Darby²

2007

Developments in Earth Surface Processes

127

118

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This paper reviews recent developments in modelling the two main sets of bankerosion processes and mechanisms, namely fluvial erosion and mass failure, before suggesting an avenue for research to make further progress in the future. Our review of mass failure mechanisms reveals that the traditional use of limit equilibrium methods to analyse bank stability has in recent years been supplemented by research that has made progress in understanding and modelling the role of positive and negative pore water pressures, confining river pressures, and hydrograph characteristics. While understanding of both fluvial erosion and mass failure processes has improved in recent years, we identify a key limitation in that few studies have examined the nature of the interaction between these processes. We argue that such interactions are likely to be important in gravel-bed rivers and present new simulations in which fluvial erosion, pore water pressure, and limit equilibrium stability models are combined into a fully coupled analysis. The results suggest that existing conceptual models, which describe how bank materials are delivered to the fluvial sediment transfer system, may need to be revised to account for the unforeseen effects introduced by feedback between the interacting processes.

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A Device for Measuring Gully Headwall Morphology

Archibold

Boer

Delanoy³

1996

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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This paper describes a low-cost device for measuring the three-dimensional morphology of a gully headwall. The device was designed to operate in a gully system with the following characteristics: overhanging banks caused by a thick, dense root mat; retreat of the underlying unconsolidated sediments through small slab failures, leading to a considerable variation in retreat rate at each point on the headwall; and changes in the orientation of the headwall owing to changes in sediment properties and the topographical and hydrological controls of gully growth. The device is used to measure a series of closely spaced vertical profiles of the headwall, and the collected data are combined to draw a contour map showing the distance from the plane of the instrument to the headwall. Comparing maps for sequential times enables retreat rates for the dimerent proportions of the headwall to be quantified.

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The measurement of river bank erosion and lateral channel change: A review

Cited by 358 publications

References 115 publications

Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and bank erosion in a river bend

Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and bank erosion in a river bend

9 Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: progress towards fully coupled simulations

A Device for Measuring Gully Headwall Morphology

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