The Measurement of Total Body Water in the Human Subject by Deuterium Oxide Dilution

Schloerb, Paul R.; Friis-Hansen, B; Edelman, Isidore S.; Solomon, A. K.; Moore, Francis D.

doi:10.1172/jci102366

Cited by 375 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…al., 1998;Schloerb et. al., 1950), no single measure of TBW, or the extracellular or intracellular fluid compartments, has been correlated with hydration status in older people (Olde Rikkert et al, 1998).…”

Section: The Reference (Or Gold) Standard For Dehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-loss dehydration and aging

Hooper

Bunn

Jimoh

et al. 2014

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

225

136

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This review defines water-loss and salt-loss dehydration. For older people serum osmolality appears the most appropriate gold standard for diagnosis of water-loss dehydration, but clear signs of early dehydration have not been developed. In older adults, lower muscle mass, reduced kidney function, physical and cognitive disabilities, blunted thirst, and polypharmacy all increase dehydration risk.Cross-sectional studies suggest a water-loss dehydration prevalence of 20-30% in this population.Water-loss dehydration is associated with higher mortality, morbidity and disability in older people, but evidence is still needed that this relationship is causal. There are a variety of ways we may be able to help older people reduce their risk of dehydration by recognising that they are not drinking enough, and being helped to drink more. Strategies to increase fluid intake in residential care homes include identifying and overcoming individual and institutional barriers to drinking, such as being worried about not reaching the toilet in time, physical inability to make or to reach drinks, and reduced social drinking and drinking pleasure. Research needs are discussed, some of which will be addressed by the FP7-funded NU-AGE (New dietary strategies addressing the specific needs of elderly population for a healthy ageing in Europe) trial.

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Section: The Reference (Or Gold) Standard For Dehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-loss dehydration and aging

Hooper

Bunn

Jimoh

et al. 2014

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

225

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Early research investigating isotope dilution and body water suggested that the equilibrium time of deuterium in urine is between 1.5 and 3 h (Schloerb et al 1950;Mendez et al 1970), however more recent research tends to suggest sampling times closer to 6 h are required (Schoeller et al, 1980(Schoeller et al, , 1982. Blanc et al (2002) found that a post-dose sampling time of 3 h was insufficient to reach an isotopic plateau in 21% of participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of the variability in time to isotopic equilibrium in the deuterium dilution technique

2007

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Objective: To investigate the variability in isotopic equilibrium time under field conditions, and the impact of this variability on estimates of total body water (TBW) and body composition. Design and Setting: Following collection of a fasting baseline urine sample, 10 women and 10 men were dosed with deuterium oxide (0.05 g/kg body weight). Urine samples were collected every hour for 8 h. The samples were analysed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Time to equilibration was determined using three commonly employed data analysis approaches. Results: Isotopic equilibrium was reached by 50, 80 and 100% of participants at 4, 6 and 8 h, respectively. The mean group equilibration determined using the three different plateau determination methods were 4.871.5, 3.870.8 and 4.971.4 h. Isotopic enrichment, TBW, and percent body fat estimates differed between early (3-5 h), but not later sampling times (5-8 h). Conclusion: Although the three different plateau determination approaches resulted in differences in equilibration time, all suggest that sampling at 6 h or later will decrease the likelihood of error in body composition estimates resultant from incomplete isotopic equilibration in a small proportion of individuals.

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“…Total ash includes some material that should be Water diffuses rapidly from one space to another, but in health and under normal conditions no large net shift in water occurs. The rapid transfer of water between fluid spaces has been demonstrated with deuterium or tritium labeled water; when these isotopes were given intravenously, their concentration in serum decreased rapidly until equi librium was reached in the whole body water (13,14).…”

Section: Direct Analysis Of Human Cadaversmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schloerb et al (13) reported that deuterium labeled water was lost from the body with a half time of about 9 days or turnover of about 13 days. Any factor which altered the rate of water excretion changed the turnover time, although the total quantity of water remained the same.…”

Section: Direct Analysis Of Human Cadaversmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The substance has been found to be relatively nontoxic in the amount required for body water determinations, quickly and uniformly One of the most widely used methods for assay of antipyrine in blood is that of Brodie and co-workers (21 Deuterium oxide has been given both by mouth and by intravenous infusion (30,31); generally 100 cc have been administered. In healthy persons, equilibrium was reached in 1 to 2 hours (13,18,32). The concentration of deuterium has been determined both in the venous blood serum and the urine (30,33).…”

Section: Direct Analysis Of Human Cadaversmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body composition of women

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The Measurement of Total Body Water in the Human Subject by Deuterium Oxide Dilution

Cited by 375 publications

References 27 publications

Water-loss dehydration and aging

Water-loss dehydration and aging

Implications of the variability in time to isotopic equilibrium in the deuterium dilution technique

Body composition of women

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