The mechanical hypothesis of septal aperture formation tested in an early medieval population from Ostrów Lednicki (Poland)

Myszka, Anna; Kubicka, Anna Maria; Tomczyk, Jacek

doi:10.1111/joa.12933

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies reported that individuals with the OAH might present overextension in lax and very mobile elbow joint [1]. This hyperextension may be accounted on increased elasticity of the collagen fibers [13] or weaker triceps [23], but not on the size of the proximal ulna [13], as well as not on the strength of brachialis, which may indicate a supposed dominant role of the olecranon process in the OAH formation [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Olecranon aperture of the humerus: A morphometrical study

et al. 2021

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Introduction/Objective. Olecranon aperture is a variable opening in the septum between the olecranon and coronoid fossae. Its frequency varies largely in different populations and knowledge of its presence may have clinical implications. The objective of our study was to determine its prevalence in a sample of Serbian population and to investigate its morphology and morphometrical features, as well as its relation to the distal end of humerus. Methods. A material used were 70 human dry humeri from the bone collection of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis. We analyzed the presence, shape, transverse and vertical diameter of the aperture, its distance to the tips of the epicondyles from medial (MB) and lateral border (LB), as well as the distance between epicondyles (EW) and translucency of the septum in the bones with no aperture. Vernier caliper was used for measurements of the diameters and distances. Results. Eight olecranon aperture were observed in seven bones (10%), seven on the left and one on the right side. Half of them were oval-shaped, while round, triangular, and irregular shape were found. Translucent septum in humeri with no aperture was present in 67.1% of the sample. There were no significant differences between MB and LB, neither between EW in bones with aperture and with septum. Conclusion. Our study presented the rare data about the frequency of olecranon aperture in Serbian population, suggesting that robusticity of the humerus is not related to the presence of the olecranon aperture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Olecranon aperture of the humerus: A morphometrical study

et al. 2021

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“…Some nonpathological morphological variants, such as os acromiale , have been considered as possible activity‐related changes (Stirland, 1984). In most of the cases, multifactorial aetiology and methodological problems (e.g., lack of definitions and standards) make, however, the scoring and the evaluation difficult (White et al, 2012); We selected two commonly used variants of the humerus, namely, the supracondylar spur and septal aperture that are assumed to be—among others—activity‐related (e.g., White et al, 2012; Myszka, Kubicka, & Tomczyk, 2019). Our aim was to test whether these variants are specific to the armed group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Brothers in arms”: Activity‐related skeletal changes observed on the humerus of individuals buried with and without weapons from the 10th‐century CE Carpathian Basin

Tihanyi

Berthon

Kis

et al. 2020

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Investigation of warfare-related lifestyle based on the activity-induced skeletal changes is of great interest for bioarchaeologists. Numerous studies have described various skeletal traces connected to the regular practice of different types of weapons. However, methodological problems, such as the multifactorial aetiology of these presumed activity-related skeletal changes, make it difficult to evaluate which changes are reliable in the identification and characterisation of a given class of individuals in a population. This paper aims to find significant morphological and metric differences on the humerus between individuals buried with and without weapons. We focused on the Hungarian Conquest period (10th-century CE) collection of Sárrétudvari-Hízóföld, characterised by a high number of burials associated with weapons and, especially, archery-related equipment. Only adult males were selected for this study to decrease the influence of nonmechanical factors, such as age and sex. We analysed the bones for the presence of entheseal changes, joint changes, morphological variants, and traumas. The selection of these markers relied on anatomical and sport traumatological data. We also calculated indices of robusticity and shape based on the external measurements of the humerus. The values were compared according to the presence (armed group) or absence (unarmed group) of weapon deposits in the graves. An independent group of nonwarriors from the documented Luís Lopes Skeletal Collection (Lisbon) was also used for comparison. In general, the armed group exhibited higher rates of changes, and statistical tests revealed significant intergroup differences concerning certain entheseal changes and indices of robusticity and shape. Although the multifactorial aetiology of skeletal changes highly limits the possible interpretations, our results suggest that a set of morphological and metric features on the humerus is indicative of the practice of activities including archery and other fighting techniques. We assess that the further analysis of activity-related changes of the upper limb bones will contribute to the recognition of the presence of warriors at a populational level.

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“…Within this group, 135 adult femurs, which belonged to 38 females (38 left and 38 right femurs) and 33 males (29 left and 30 right femurs), were available for the current study. Inhabitants of this settlement complex relied mainly on agriculture and partly on breeding domestic animals such as pigs, goats, chickens [12,19]. This was a homogeneous population in terms of socioeconomic structure, with a division of labor wherein females were responsible for raising children, weaving, helping in the harvest, and breeding animals in turn, with male activities focused on lowing, harvesting, and building operations [12].…”

Section: Population Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Cam Morphology Found in Ancient and Medieval Populations in Addition to Modern Populations?

Musielak

Kubicka

Woźniak

et al. 2021

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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Background Cam morphology is thought to originate near puberty and reflects a response of the peripheral aspect of the proximal femoral physis to increased local load. Participation in particular sports activities has been associated with cam morphology in contemporary patient populations; however, it is unclear whether cam is a recent phenomenon. There are limited data regarding the frequency of its occurrence and the general deviations in femoral anatomy in different historical populations. Such information may help to understand the possible influence of lifestyle and diet on cam morphology. Questions/purposes The purpose of this study was to evaluate femoral morphology in three historical populations. We asked: (1) Was cam morphology present in the three study populations, did those populations differ, and were there differences between sexes? (2) Were there differences in neck-shaft angle, version, or inclination between and among the examined populations? Methods We examined 204 adult femurs from the Neolithic population from Iran (n = 37, 3000 BC to 1631 BC), medieval population from Poland (n = 135, 10th to 13th centuries), and contemporary Australian aborigines (n = 32, early 20th century), provided by the Open Research Scan Archive, Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica and the University of Wrocław, respectively. All three human populations represent different chronologic periods and lifestyles. All bones were scanned using CT and then measured on their three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions in selected planes. Cam impingement was defined as an alpha angle > 55° measured on the inclination view. To evaluate the differences in anatomy between populations, we measured the true neck-shaft angle on the true AP view, apparent neck-shaft angle on the apparent AP view, the version angle on the version view, and the inclination angle on the inclination view. The prevalence of cam morphology and other anatomic parameters were compared among groups using chi-square test, one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test, and paired t-test. Results Cam morphology was present in 5% of the Neolithic population from Iran, in 7% of the medieval population from Poland, and 3% of the contemporary Australian aborigine femurs (OR Neolithic population from Iran/the medieval population from Poland 0.7 [95% CI 0.2 to 3.4]; p = 0.67; OR Neolithic population from Iran/contemporary Australian aborigines 1.8 [95% CI 0.2 to 20.5]; p = 0.65; OR the medieval population from Poland/contemporary Australian aborigines 2.5 [95% CI 0.3 to 20.1]; p = 0.40). There were differences in the presence of cam morphology between the sexes in the medieval population from Poland with both femurs (females: 1% [1 of 76]; males: 15% [9 of 59]; p = 0.002). There was a difference in true neck-shaft angle between the Neolithic population from Iran (121° ± 6°) and contemporary Australian aborigines (131° ± 5°; mean difference 10° [95% CI 7° to 13°]; p < 0.001) and between the medieval population from Poland (124° ± 5°) and the contemporary Australian aborigines (mean difference 7° [95% CI 5° to 9°]; p < 0.001). Apparent neck-shaft angle differed between the Neolithic population from Iran (126° ± 6°) and the contemporary Australian aborigines (134° ± 5°; mean difference 8° [95% CI 6° to 11°]; p < 0.001), and between the medieval population from Poland (126° ± 6°) and the contemporary Australian aborigines (mean difference 9° [95% CI 7° to 11°]; p < 0.001). Moreover, we observed a difference in the version angle between the Neolithic population from Iran (19° ± 7°) and the medieval population from Poland (12° ± 9°; mean difference 7° [95% CI 4° to 10°]; p < 0.001] and in the inclination angle between aforementioned groups (18° ± 7° versus 11° ± 8°; mean difference 7° [95% CI 5° to 10°]; p < 0.001). Conclusion This study found that cam morphology existed in historical populations at rates comparable with a contemporary population. Clinical Relevance The presence of cam morphology in historical populations suggests that cam morphology can develop outside of the intense sports activity seen in modern adolescents. Further study will help elucidate the etiology of cam morphology, which may be useful in the development of preventive strategies.

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The mechanical hypothesis of septal aperture formation tested in an early medieval population from Ostrów Lednicki (Poland)

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Olecranon aperture of the humerus: A morphometrical study

Olecranon aperture of the humerus: A morphometrical study

“Brothers in arms”: Activity‐related skeletal changes observed on the humerus of individuals buried with and without weapons from the 10th‐century CE Carpathian Basin

Is Cam Morphology Found in Ancient and Medieval Populations in Addition to Modern Populations?

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