The mechanics of corneal deformation and rupture for penetrating injury in the human eye

Rau, Andrew; Lovald, Scott; Nissman, Steven A.; McNulty, John A.; Ochoa, Jorge; Baldwinson, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.injury.2017.11.037

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Players requiring spectacle correction can wear contact lenses,prescription protectors complying with the standards, or an eye-shield style protector over their own spectacles [ 14 , 17 ] . The other five cases of eyeball rupture were juveniles without eyeglasses, the eyeball structure of whose was perhaps not as strong as that of adults [ 18 ] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical evaluation and management of badminton-related eye injuries: a retrospective case series

Guo

Shi

et al. 2023

BMC Ophthalmol

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Background To describe the clinical features, visual outcomes, management, and complications of ocular injury in badminton and investigate risk factors associated with visual impairment. Methods Data on patients injured while playing badminton admitted to Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University between January 2018 to December 2020.The relationship between visual acuity (VA) and demographic and clinical variables was also analyzed. Patients were managed medically or surgically as per their needs, followed up for at least 18 months. The visual outcomes were predicted using ocular trauma score (OTS), predicted outcomes were compared with actual outcomes using statistical tests. Results This study involved 102 patients (78 men, 24 women) with a mean age of 43.8 ± 16.1 years (7–71 years). Of these, 93 patients had closed-globe injuries and 9 had open-globe injuries. Vision-threatening findings included lens subluxation(31.4%),retinal detachment(13.7%),hyphema(12.7%). Open-globe injury had significantly lower presenting VA and final VA (P= 0.0164, 0.0053).Final VA was found to be correlated with presenting VA, maculopathy, retinal detachment, and OTS (P=0.0000, 0.0494, 0.0001, 0.0000 respectively), it was worse in patients who were under 20 years of age and were female. OTS prediction was not significantly different when compared with actual visual outcomes postoperatively in OTS3, OTS4, and OTS5 (P > 0.05),while the prognosis of patients with OTS1 and OTS2 was better than OTS study (P=0.001, 0.007, respectively). Conclusion Badminton-related closed-globe injuries were more frequent; open-globe injuries were usually more serious. Younger and female patients have poorer visual recovery prognoses. OTS was found to be a reliable tool for predicting visual outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical evaluation and management of badminton-related eye injuries: a retrospective case series

Guo

Shi

et al. 2023

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…A limited number of studies have evaluated the relationship between axial length and severity of blunt ocular trauma [31][32][33]. Rau et al reported in an experimental study using human cadaveric eyes that the force at corneal rupture was not associated with axial length [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A limited number of studies have evaluated the relationship between axial length and severity of blunt ocular trauma [ 31 – 33 ]. Rau et al reported in an experimental study using human cadaveric eyes that the force at corneal rupture was not associated with axial length [ 32 ]. However, Hashemi et al reported that axial length was significantly longer in cases with a history of trauma in a cross-sectional study of a clinical database of ocular trauma cases [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element analysis of changes in tensile strain and deformation by airbag impact in eyes of various axial lengths

et al. 2022

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Purpose Airbags have substantially reduced mortality and morbidity, while ocular injuries caused by airbags have been reported. We applied a three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model we have established for evaluation of the deformation of an intact eyeball of various axial lengths induced by an airbag impact at various impact velocities. Methods A model human eye we have created was used in simulations with an FEA program, PAM-GENERIS™ (Nihon ESI, Tokyo, Japan). The airbag was set to impact eyes with various axial lengths of 21.85 mm (hyperopia), 23.85 mm (emmetropia) and 25.85 mm (myopia), at initial velocities of 30, 40, 50 and 60 m/s. Changes in the shape of the eye and the strain induced were calculated. Deformation of the eye in a cross-sectional view was displayed sequentially in slow motion. Results We found that considerable damage, such as corneal or scleral lacerations, was observed especially at higher impact velocities, such as 50 or 60 m/s, in eyes with any axial length. Deformation was most evident in the anterior segment. The decrease rate of axial length was greatest in the hyperopic eye, followed by the myopic eye, and the emmetropic eye. Conclusions It was shown that hyperopic eyes are most susceptible to deformation by an airbag impact in this simulation. The considerable deformation by an airbag impact on the eye during a traffic accident shown in this study might indicate the necessity of ocular protection to avoid permanent eye damage.

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“…The limbus, optic nerve, and prior surgical sites are also weak points and prone to injury. [8][9][10][11][12] Lacerations refer to OGIs caused by sharp trauma, wherein an object cuts or punctures the eye through an outside-in mechanism. 1 Although lacerations are termed "sharp" trauma, any mechanism that directly penetrates the eye, such as a gunshot, is a laceration.…”

Section: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Globe Injuries: Review of Evaluation, Management, and Surgical Pearls

Zhou¹,

DiSclafani²,

Jeang³

et al. 2022

OPTH

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Ocular trauma may either be closed globe or open globe. Open globe injuries are full-thickness defects of the eyewall and are often differentiated by the mechanisms of injury from which they are caused: sharp or blunt trauma. They are ocular emergencies and can lead to substantial visual morbidity. Without timely intervention, damage is irreversible and leads to permanent vision loss. The goals of evaluation are to identify the mechanism of injury, characterize the extent of injury, and gather relevant history. If an open globe is suspected, ophthalmologic consultation should be requested. Once an open globe is diagnosed, preparations for surgery should be made immediately and steps should be taken to avoid further injury. Intraocular infection risk is relatively high, requiring immediate empiric systemic antibiotics. Emergent surgical exploration and primary closure is indicated whenever possible. After initial closure, secondary surgery and revision may be needed to improve vision outcomes, followed by extensive follow-up. In this review, best practices for evaluation and management are reviewed, with particular focus on the surgical approach and techniques.

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The mechanics of corneal deformation and rupture for penetrating injury in the human eye

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Clinical evaluation and management of badminton-related eye injuries: a retrospective case series

Clinical evaluation and management of badminton-related eye injuries: a retrospective case series

Finite element analysis of changes in tensile strain and deformation by airbag impact in eyes of various axial lengths

Open Globe Injuries: Review of Evaluation, Management, and Surgical Pearls

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