The mechanism behind the effect of building orientation and surface roughness on hydrogen embrittlement of laser powder bed fused Ti-6Al-4V

Deconinck, Liesbet; Quejido, Elena Bernardo; Vidaller, María T. Villa; Jägle, Eric Aimé; Verbeken, Kim; Depover, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2023.103613

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The surface roughness of the vertical specimen was 3.62 μm while that of the horizontal specimen was 0.26 μm, which was smaller in comparison. The surface roughness difference between the vertical and horizontal specimens can be attributed to the layering direction during manufacturing [22]. Vertical layering, wherein the layers are aligned vertically, can cause irregularities on the surface owing to the edges and bonding between layers; this results in the vertical specimen having a higher measured surface roughness.…”

Section: Vertical and Horizontal Layering Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical behaviors and wear resistances of 3D-printed AISI 321 components for combustor swirler applications

Lee,

Jang,

Kim

et al. 2024

Phys. Scr.

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This comprehensive study investigates the mechanical behaviors and wear characteristics of 3D-printed AISI 321, with a specific focus on its applicability in combustion swirler components for the power generation industry. Through meticulous exploration of various process parameters and postprocessing techniques, valuable insights were gained into the performance disparities between layered and cast specimens. Analyses revealed intriguing comparisons of key data points: while layered specimens exhibited higher surface roughness (4.37 μm), they demonstrated a lower friction coefficient (0.26) yet a higher wear rate (4.79 × 10−7 mm3/N·mm) compared to their cast specimens. Further investigation into the influence of layering direction unveiled that horizontally layered specimens presented smoother surfaces (0.26 μm), higher hardness (340 HV 1), and improved wear resistance (2.61 × 10−7 mm3/N·mm) compared to vertically layered specimens. Furthermore, the study examined the friction and wear characteristics of layered specimens based on the contact surface, including the top, side, and bottom surfaces. Lastly, a comparison of the mechanical behavior and friction/wear characteristics of layered specimens and cast specimens was conducted, demonstrating that the layered specimens fabricated using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) method exhibited superior performance. These findings underscore the significant potential of 3D-printed AISI 321 in enhancing performance and sustainability in power generation applications, while highlighting the ongoing need for continued research and development to fully exploit the capabilities of additive manufacturing technologies.

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Section: Vertical and Horizontal Layering Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical behaviors and wear resistances of 3D-printed AISI 321 components for combustor swirler applications

Lee,

Jang,

Kim

et al. 2024

Phys. Scr.

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“…Orientation effects have been studied for Ti-6Al-4V produced by L-PBF. Deconinck et al observed an increase in H diffusion and uptake in horizontally built orientations. This phenomenon was ascribed to the improved H transport through boundaries between prior β grains, despite a microstructure predominantly comprising acicular martensite.…”

Section: Knowledge Base About Hementioning

confidence: 96%

“…These effects have been rarely addressed but are now increasingly considered in the context of mitigation measurements for HE: the use of barriers or inhibitors to reduce or suppress H uptake in metals will be fostered by a better understanding of H 2 dissociative chemisorption and subsurface transport. In addition, the analysis of surface roughness influence on H uptake is not straightforward, because roughness does not only increase the effective area, but machining procedures can produce a change in dislocation density and microstructure …”

Section: Perspectives and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Yu,

Díaz,

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Hydrogen is considered a clean and efficient energy carrier crucial for shaping the net-zero future. Large-scale production, transportation, storage, and use of green hydrogen are expected to be undertaken in the coming decades. As the smallest element in the universe, however, hydrogen can adsorb on, diffuse into, and interact with many metallic materials, degrading their mechanical properties. This multifaceted phenomenon is generically categorized as hydrogen embrittlement (HE). HE is one of the most complex material problems that arises as an outcome of the intricate interplay across specific spatial and temporal scales between the mechanical driving force and the material resistance fingerprinted by the microstructures and subsequently weakened by the presence of hydrogen. Based on recent developments in the field as well as our collective understanding, this Review is devoted to treating HE as a whole and providing a constructive and systematic discussion on hydrogen entry, diffusion, trapping, hydrogen–microstructure interaction mechanisms, and consequences of HE in steels, nickel alloys, and aluminum alloys used for energy transport and storage. HE in emerging material systems, such as high entropy alloys and additively manufactured materials, is also discussed. Priority has been particularly given to these less understood aspects. Combining perspectives of materials chemistry, materials science, mechanics, and artificial intelligence, this Review aspires to present a comprehensive and impartial viewpoint on the existing knowledge and conclude with our forecasts of various paths forward meant to fuel the exploration of future research regarding hydrogen-induced material challenges.

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“…Hydrogen causes changes in microstructure and subsequently in mechanical properties (hydrogen embrittlement) [2]. As the degree of hydrogen penetration and embrittlement depends on microstructural state, Ti-Al6-V4 alloy can respond differently in different material states [3,4]. Some industrial processes in which hydrogenation occurs are cathodic protection, electrochemical plating, welding, pickling, and exposition in the atmosphere with a high concentration of hydrogen, among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Ti-Al6-V4 Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Induced by Electrochemical Charging

Roudnicka,

Kacenka,

Dvorsky

et al. 2024

Metals

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The 3D printing of Ti-Al6-V4 alloy is subject to much current investigation, with Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) being one of the most applied technologies. Ti-Al6-V4 alloy, despite its great material properties, is susceptible to hydrogen penetration and consequent embrittlement. The level of susceptibility to hydrogen penetration depends on the microstructural state of the alloy. In this work, we compare the effect of electrochemical charging by hydrogen on Ti-Al6-V4 alloy prepared by PBF-LB/M, either in the as-built state or annealed, and conventionally prepared alloy. At the same charging conditions, considerably different hydrogen concentrations were achieved, with the as-built 3D-printed material being the most susceptible. The changes in mechanical properties are discussed in relation to changes in microstructure, studied using microscopy, X-ray, and electron diffraction techniques.

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The mechanism behind the effect of building orientation and surface roughness on hydrogen embrittlement of laser powder bed fused Ti-6Al-4V

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

Mechanical behaviors and wear resistances of 3D-printed AISI 321 components for combustor swirler applications

Mechanical behaviors and wear resistances of 3D-printed AISI 321 components for combustor swirler applications

Hydrogen Embrittlement as a Conspicuous Material Challenge─Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Ti-Al6-V4 Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Induced by Electrochemical Charging

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