The Mechanism in High Temperature Corrosion in Municipal Incinerators

Miller, P.D.; Kravse, Horatio H.; Vaughan, D. A.; Boyd, W. K.

doi:10.5006/0010-9312-28.7.274

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Aerosol particles formed during the combustion of wood doped with ZnO and HCl have been shown to contain ZnO, ZnCl 2 , and ZnSO 4 , 19 whereas K 2 ZnCl 4 has been identified in aerosols formed during the combustion of MSW. 20 In deposits, zinc has been identified as ZnCl 2 and ZnO in the combustion of RWW 3,19,21 and as ZnSO 4 15 and K 2 ZnCl 4 9,13 in the combustion of MSW. Lead has been identified in deposits from RWW combustion as PbO 3,21 and PbCl 2 21 and in deposits from waste combustion as PbO, 3,15,21 PbCl 2 , 21 PbSO 4 , 15 PbO 3 PbSO 4 , 15 4PbO 3 PbSO 4 , 15 and K 2 Pb(SO 4 ) 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 In deposits, zinc has been identified as ZnCl 2 and ZnO in the combustion of RWW 3,19,21 and as ZnSO 4 15 and K 2 ZnCl 4 9,13 in the combustion of MSW. Lead has been identified in deposits from RWW combustion as PbO 3,21 and PbCl 2 21 and in deposits from waste combustion as PbO, 3,15,21 PbCl 2 , 21 PbSO 4 , 15 PbO 3 PbSO 4 , 15 4PbO 3 PbSO 4 , 15 and K 2 Pb(SO 4 ) 2 . 15 No identification of lead compounds in other ash fractions related to the fuels of interest could be found in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Zinc and Lead in Aerosols and Deposits in the Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Recovered Waste Wood. Part 2: Thermodynamic Considerations

et al. 2011

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In the present work, which is the second part in a series of two, multi-phase, multi-component equilibrium calculations were used to study the chemistry and deposition behavior of lead and zinc in the combustion of recovered waste wood (RWW). Particular attention was paid to the deposition behavior in different parts of the boiler under varying flue gas and material temperature conditions. In addition, the influence of fuel composition was considered by studying three different fuel compositions. The results from the calculations were compared to experimental results from two measurement campaigns, whose goal was to experimentally determine the distribution and speciation of zinc and lead compounds in aerosol particles and deposits in the fluidized-bed combustion of RWW. The results from the experimental work are presented in part 1 (10.1021/ef101478n) of this work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Zinc and Lead in Aerosols and Deposits in the Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Recovered Waste Wood. Part 2: Thermodynamic Considerations

et al. 2011

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“…In both studied cases, the fuels had been burned in fluidized boilers where the bed contained quartz and feldspar, and therefore, it is likely that the zinc in the fuel has reacted with the bed material. Zn 2 SiO 4 , ZnAl 2 O 4 , and Zn(OH) 2 have also been found in fly ash samples from combustion of wood and waste. , Moreover, ZnCl 2 and Zn 5 (OH) 6 (CO 3 ) 2 have been identified in fly ash from waste combustion. , Speciation of zinc compounds in aerosol particles formed during circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) combustion of wood doped with ZnO with and without the addition of HCl was performed by Åmand et al In both cases, ZnO, ZnCl 2 , and ZnSO 4 could be identified in the aerosol particles. The proportion of chlorides was increased, and the proportion of sulfates was decreased when HCl was added.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spiegel, however, observed accelerated corrosion at 600 °C under deposits containing ZnSO 4 and PbSO 4 in combination with alkali sulfates and calcium sulfate. One suggested reason for the high corrosivity of deposits containing zinc or lead chloride is the low melting point of these deposits. ,,− The presence of zinc and lead in deposits is known to lower the melting temperature of the deposit, but the influence on the melting temperature depends upon the chemical speciation of zinc and lead in the deposit; chlorides lower the melting point drastically, whereas, e.g., oxides do not have the same effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Speciation of lead could only be found in the literature for deposit samples. Lead has been identified as PbO and PbCl 2 in deposits from RWW combustion ,, and as PbSO 4 , PbO, K 2 Pb(SO 4 ) 2 , PbO·PbSO 4 , and 4PbO·PbSO 4 in deposits from MSW combustion. , The phases PbO·PbSO 4 and K 2 Pb(SO 4 ) 2 were suggested to have formed through recrystallization from a molten phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Zinc and Lead in Aerosols and Deposits in the Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Recovered Waste Wood. Part 1: Samples from Boilers

et al. 2011

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Combustion of recovered waste wood (RWW) has led to increased fouling and corrosion of furnace walls, superheaters, and economizers. These problems have been associated mainly with chlorine, zinc, and lead in the deposits but also with sodium and titanium. The presence of lead and zinc compounds, especially lead and zinc chlorides, has been shown to increase the corrosivity of the deposits even at relatively low metal temperatures (230−450 °C). The present work determined experimentally the distribution and speciation of zinc and lead compounds in aerosol particles and deposits in the fluidized-bed combustion of RWW. Measurements were conducted in both a full-scale (20 MWth) plant with as-received RWW and in a pilot-scale (2 MWth) setup with as-received RWW and RWW doped with zinc and lead. The results show that the amount and speciation of zinc and lead in the deposits vary depending upon the fuel composition, flue gas temperature, and metal temperature. Both lead and zinc chlorides are found in temperature ranges typical for the primary superheater area. A caracolite-type compound [Na3Pb2(SO4)3Cl] was identified in deposits from the economizer area and K2ZnCl4 in the sub-micrometer aerosol particle fraction.

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Korrosion von Wärmeaustauscherrohren durch salzsaure Rauchgase der Müllverbrennung

Grubitsch¹,

Hilbert²,

Sammer³

1975

Materials & Corrosion

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B= Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit (bzw. Doppelschichtkapazitat als Parameter der wahren Oberflache)Ic IP Q RA RE RP t tM U UC UPot IGes R Strom (Ampere) kapazitiver Ladestrom faradayscher Durchtrittsstrom Gesamtstrom (Ic + Ip) Ladungsmenge einer elektrolytischen Kapazitat (Coulomb) Widerstand (Ohm) AuDenwiderstand eines Arbeit sstromkreises Elektrolytwiderstand zwischen MeBwnde und Arbeitselektrode Polarisationswiderstand einer Elektrode Zeit (Sekunden) Zeit (Minutenj Spannung (Volt) Spannungsdifferenz an der Doppelschichte Spannungsimpuls eines Potentiostaten Die Beseitigung von Haushaltsmull wird ein standig wachsendes Problem einer umweltfreundlichen Technologie. Neben der Niedertemperaturverkokung und der Kompostierung kommt der Miillverbrennung unter Ausnutzung der dabei entstehenden Warme eine wachsende Bedeutung ZU. Der Warmeinhalt der Verbrennungsgase wird in kalorischen Kraftwerken ausgenutzt. Dabei konnten extrem starke Korrosionserscheinungen beobachtet werden, die zum Teil auf den Angriff salzsaurehaltiger Rauchgase auf die stahlernen Austauscherrohre des Dampfkessels zuriickgefuhrt werden. Die Salzsaure stammt einerseits aus dem NaCl des Haushaltsabfalls, andererseits aus dem standig steigenden PVC-Anteil i m Hausmull. In welchem Mafie bei der Verbrennung freie HC1 gebildet wird, hangt nicht nur vom Chlorgehalt des Brennstoffes, sondern auch von dem Anteil stark basischer bzw. stark sauerer Aschenbestandteile ab, die bei der Verbrennung entstehen, wobei ein hoherer Wasserdampfgehalt der Rauchgase stark hydrolysefordernd wirken kann. Selbst ein hoher Anteil basischer Aschenanteile (Einblasen von Dolomitstaub in die Verbrennungskammer) kann in stark wasserdampfhaltigen Abgasen infolge Hydrolyse zu saueren Rauchgasen fuhren. Die Reaktion des freien Chlorwasserstoffes mit den Oberflachenoxiden und dem Metal1 der Austauscherrohre wird durch Anwesenheit von H 2 0 und 0 2 nach Wickert (1) stark zuruckgedrangt. SchlieDlich kann in den sauerstoffhaltigen Rauchgasen unter dem Einflufi von Katalysatoren die Reaktionauftreten und damit Anlafi zur Entstehung von weit reaktionsfahigerem Chlor geben. Nach Hueh (2) und Agenend (3) reagiert die HC1 in oxidierender Atmosphare unter FeC13-Bildung, das bei 3 17O siedet, nach Fez03 + 6 HCl(g) + Fe2Ck(g) + 3 H2O(g) (2) 4 F e O + 12HCl(g) +9 * 2 Fe~Cl,j(g) + 6 H20(g) ( 3 ) 4 F e + 12 HCl(g) + 3 9 * 2 Fe2C16(g) + 6 H2O ( 4 ) Werkjtotfe und Korrosion 26. Jahrg. Heft 6/1975Bei Temperaturen uber dem Siedepunkt des FeC13 tritt Ruckzersetzung (Reaktionsgleichung von rechts nach links gelesen) ein (4), wahrend freies Chlor nach 2 F e + 3 C12(g)reagieren wird. Daneben konnen unter Deckschichten auch Reaktionen wie) auftreten. Bei der Verbindung Fe2C16(g) handelt es sich um die Dampfphase des (festen) Eisenchlorides FeC13, das in Form von Doppelmolekiilen sublimiert. Huch (2) wies darauf hin, dafi sich in einem praktischen Korrosionsfall direkt am Kesselrohr wasserfreies FeCl3 abgeschieden hatte, wobei diese FeC13-Schicht nach auDen durch einen dunnen Luftspalt, eine Fe304-Schicht und e...

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The Mechanism in High Temperature Corrosion in Municipal Incinerators

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Occurrence of Zinc and Lead in Aerosols and Deposits in the Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Recovered Waste Wood. Part 2: Thermodynamic Considerations

Occurrence of Zinc and Lead in Aerosols and Deposits in the Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Recovered Waste Wood. Part 2: Thermodynamic Considerations

Occurrence of Zinc and Lead in Aerosols and Deposits in the Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Recovered Waste Wood. Part 1: Samples from Boilers

Korrosion von Wärmeaustauscherrohren durch salzsaure Rauchgase der Müllverbrennung

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