2007
DOI: 10.1002/9780470513712.ch14
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The Mechanism of Cyanide Intoxication and its Antagonism

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Cited by 36 publications
(36 citation statements)
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“…In hypoxia, low cellular oxygen directly stimulates an increased HIF-1α activity and its DNA binding to increase BNIP3 transcription (Guo et al, 2001). On the other hand, cyanide induces histotoxic anoxia in which cellular concentration of oxygen is normal, only oxygen utilization in oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited (Way, 1984), thus the initiation pathway for BNIP3 induction in cyanide-induced apoptosis may be independent of the normal HIF-1α pathway. Other studies have shown that BNIP3 induction can be activated by non-hypoxia pathways by activating HIF-1α signaling by non-oxygen mediated pathways involving kinase signaling pathways perhaps stimulated by oxidative stress (Yook et al, 2004;Kanzawa et al, 2005;An et al, 2006).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In hypoxia, low cellular oxygen directly stimulates an increased HIF-1α activity and its DNA binding to increase BNIP3 transcription (Guo et al, 2001). On the other hand, cyanide induces histotoxic anoxia in which cellular concentration of oxygen is normal, only oxygen utilization in oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited (Way, 1984), thus the initiation pathway for BNIP3 induction in cyanide-induced apoptosis may be independent of the normal HIF-1α pathway. Other studies have shown that BNIP3 induction can be activated by non-hypoxia pathways by activating HIF-1α signaling by non-oxygen mediated pathways involving kinase signaling pathways perhaps stimulated by oxidative stress (Yook et al, 2004;Kanzawa et al, 2005;An et al, 2006).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At the cellular level, cyanide produces chemical hypoxia (histotoxic anoxia) by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase in complex IV of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation chain to markedly reduce ATP [1,2]. In neurons, cyanide increases cytosolic-free Ca 2+ by stimulating Ca 2+ influx, accompanied by rapid surge of ROS generation at complex I and III [3,4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 ) Clinically, the vasodilator sodium nitrite is used in combination with sodium thiosulfate, both administered intravenously in tandem. 1,6,7 Sodium nitrite oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which has a high affinity for cyanide, thereby allowing the sequestration of cyanide as cyanomethemoglobin and preventing it from binding to cytochrome oxidase. 1 However, this combination is far from a simple antidote.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%