The Mechanism of Gossypol Detoxification by Ruminant Animals

Reiser, Raymond; Fu, Hwei C.

doi:10.1093/jn/76.2.215

Cited by 97 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Cottonseed contains toxic compounds such as gossypol (Zhang et al, 2007) but it has been suggested that gossypol is modified by ruminal microorganisms (Reiser and Fu, 1962). However, there is evidence showing that part of gossypol escapes ruminal fermentation (Mena et al, 2004) and can affect animal health and performance (Risco et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of trans-vaccenic and rumenic acids in the milk from grazing cows supplemented with palm oil, rice bran or whole cottonseed

2014

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-The changes in the concentration of trans-vaccenic (C18:1 t-11 ) and rumenic (C18:2 c-9,t-11 ) acids in the milk from cows grazing on Pennisetum clandestinum, fed a supplement containing palm oil, rice bran or whole cottonseed were evaluated. Three supplements were assessed: one control supplement containing palm oil (C), with a low concentration of linoleic acid mainly from palm oil, and two supplements containing rice bran (RB) or whole cottonseed (CS) as the main source of linoleic acid. Six Holstein cows (4.2±1.7 years of age, 532.5±50.7 kg BW, 125±29 days in milk and a milk yield of 21.7±5.8 kg d −1 ; Mean±SD) were assigned to each treatment using a double 3 × 3 × 3 Latin Square Design. Compared with treatment C, the milk fat concentrations of trans-vaccenic acid (31.1 and 23.8 g kg −1 of fatty acids for RB and C, respectively), rumenic acid (14.1 and 11.3 g kg -1 of fatty acid for RB and C, respectively) and unsaturated fatty acids (348.7 and 325.4 g kg −1of fatty acid for RB and C, respectively) were higher for RB. Compared with C and CS treatments, the Δ 9 -desaturase index was higher for RB (0.37, 0.35 and 0.34 for RB, C and CS, respectively) and the thrombogenicity index was lower (3.09, 3.43 and 3.50 for RB, C and CS, respectively). The atherogenicity index was lower for RB treatment compared with C, but not compared with CS (1.85, 2.03, 1.97 for RB, C and CS, respectively). Supplementing rice bran to grazing dairy cows is a good alternative for producing a kind of milk beneficial to human health, due to its higher concentrations of trans-vaccenic and rumenic acids, unsaturated fatty acids and lower thrombogenicity and atherogenicity indexes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of trans-vaccenic and rumenic acids in the milk from grazing cows supplemented with palm oil, rice bran or whole cottonseed

2014

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“…Ela se une às proteínas que contém aminoácidos livres, impedindo seu metabolismo (Reiser 1962). As ligações com proteínas (Nikokyris et al 1991), bem como altos níveis de ferro na dieta podem inativar os pontos de ligação do gossipol, diminuindo sua toxicidade.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Mecanismos da intoxicação do fígado de rato causada pelo gossipol

Carvalho

Maioli

Mendes³

et al. 2013

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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The liver plays a central role in metabolism due to its interposition between the digestive tract and the general circulation of the organism. It is also the main organ involved in biotransformation of exogenous substances (xenobiotics), with ability to convert hydrophobic compounds in water-soluble, more easily eliminated by the body. Gossypol is a toxic phenolic substance present in cotton seed (Gossypium sp.). Aiming to study the mechanisms involved in the hepatotoxicity of gossypol we evaluate its effects on the antioxidant system of rat liver performing an experiment that investigated the oxidative stress and the histopathological alterations. In this study, we used Wistar rats, divided into two groups, one that received canola oil (vehicle, Control group) and another that received gossypol at a dose of 40mg/kg body weight of the animal for 15 days (Treated group). The treatment with gossypol caused alterations in the activity of seric enzymes that indicate hepatic injury and a significant oxidative stress characterized by a decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and a consequent increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), including further damage to the plasma membrane and organelles showed by lipid peroxidation. The result of histopathological evaluation showed degeneration of the hepatocytes.

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“…Non-ruminants and pre-ruminants are more sensitive to gossypol toxicosis, but ruminant animals are somewhat resistant to toxicity. Reiser and Fu, (1962) studied ruminants ability to detoxify free gossypol by binding with soluble proteins within the rumen and convert it into physiologically inactive form. Whereas, Smalley & Bicknell, (1982) reported gossypol toxicosis in mature dairy cattle fed relatively high amounts of ammoniated whole cottonseed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%