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Abstract. We present an overview and current results of an ongoing optical/NIR monitoring of seven gravitationally-lensed quasars (GLQs) with the 2-m Liverpool Robotic Telescope. The photometric data from the first seven years (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) of this programme are leading to high-quality light curves, which in turn are being used as key tools for different standard and novel studies. While brightness records of non-lensed distant quasars may contain unrecognized extrinsic variations, one can disentangle intrinsic from extrinsic signals in certain GLQs. Thus, some GLQs in our sample allow us to assess their extrinsic and intrinsic variations; we then discuss the origin of both kinds of fluctuations. We also demonstrate the usefulness of GLQ time-domain data for obtaining successful reverberation maps of the inner regions of accretion disks around distant supermassive black holes, and for estimating the redshifts of distant lensing galaxies.Keywords. gravitational lensing, black hole physics, accretion, galaxies: general, quasars: general.An overview of our ongoing Liverpool Quasar Lens Monitoring (LQLM) project is presented in Table 1. The data collection are being carried out in different phases: LQLM I (from 2005 January to 2007 July), LQLM II (from 2008 February to 2010 July) and LQLM III (from 2010 October to the present), and is using available optical/NIR instrumentation. The relevant instruments on the Liverpool Robotic Telescope are the RATCam CCD camera and its associated Sloan griz filter set, the RINGO2 optical polarimeter, and the FRODOspec spectrograph (3900-9400Å). Some astrophysical results and expectations for each target GLQ are given here; a more complete and updated information can be found on the GLENDAMA website http://grupos.unican.es/glendama. SBS 0909+532. The LQLM I light curves in the r band led to a robust time-delay between its two images of ∆t AB = −49 ± 6 days and ∆t ij = t j −t i , B leading (Goicoechea et al. 2008a). In addition, the optical flux ratio A/B changed little in the first 10 years of observations, i.e., between the identification as a quasar pair in 1996 and our LQLM I campaign (see Dai & Kochanek 2009 and references therein). For example, the r-band light curve of the A image and the properly shifted r-band light curve of B were consistent with each other throughout the LQLM I period, so the variability over this time segment was basically intrinsic to the distant quasar (Goicoechea et al. 2008a). However, the LQLM III light curves indicate that the r-band flux ratio had evolved in 2010-2011. Gravitational microlensing by stars within the main lensing galaxy could account for the detected extrinsic variation.FBQ 0951+2635. Gravitational microlensing seems to be an important variability mechanism for this GLQ (Paraficz et al. 2006;Shalyapin et al. 2009). We are taking a few frames per year in the r band to trace the long-term behaviour of A/B, and thus to † On behalf of the GLENDAMA Project Team.
Abstract. We present an overview and current results of an ongoing optical/NIR monitoring of seven gravitationally-lensed quasars (GLQs) with the 2-m Liverpool Robotic Telescope. The photometric data from the first seven years (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) of this programme are leading to high-quality light curves, which in turn are being used as key tools for different standard and novel studies. While brightness records of non-lensed distant quasars may contain unrecognized extrinsic variations, one can disentangle intrinsic from extrinsic signals in certain GLQs. Thus, some GLQs in our sample allow us to assess their extrinsic and intrinsic variations; we then discuss the origin of both kinds of fluctuations. We also demonstrate the usefulness of GLQ time-domain data for obtaining successful reverberation maps of the inner regions of accretion disks around distant supermassive black holes, and for estimating the redshifts of distant lensing galaxies.Keywords. gravitational lensing, black hole physics, accretion, galaxies: general, quasars: general.An overview of our ongoing Liverpool Quasar Lens Monitoring (LQLM) project is presented in Table 1. The data collection are being carried out in different phases: LQLM I (from 2005 January to 2007 July), LQLM II (from 2008 February to 2010 July) and LQLM III (from 2010 October to the present), and is using available optical/NIR instrumentation. The relevant instruments on the Liverpool Robotic Telescope are the RATCam CCD camera and its associated Sloan griz filter set, the RINGO2 optical polarimeter, and the FRODOspec spectrograph (3900-9400Å). Some astrophysical results and expectations for each target GLQ are given here; a more complete and updated information can be found on the GLENDAMA website http://grupos.unican.es/glendama. SBS 0909+532. The LQLM I light curves in the r band led to a robust time-delay between its two images of ∆t AB = −49 ± 6 days and ∆t ij = t j −t i , B leading (Goicoechea et al. 2008a). In addition, the optical flux ratio A/B changed little in the first 10 years of observations, i.e., between the identification as a quasar pair in 1996 and our LQLM I campaign (see Dai & Kochanek 2009 and references therein). For example, the r-band light curve of the A image and the properly shifted r-band light curve of B were consistent with each other throughout the LQLM I period, so the variability over this time segment was basically intrinsic to the distant quasar (Goicoechea et al. 2008a). However, the LQLM III light curves indicate that the r-band flux ratio had evolved in 2010-2011. Gravitational microlensing by stars within the main lensing galaxy could account for the detected extrinsic variation.FBQ 0951+2635. Gravitational microlensing seems to be an important variability mechanism for this GLQ (Paraficz et al. 2006;Shalyapin et al. 2009). We are taking a few frames per year in the r band to trace the long-term behaviour of A/B, and thus to † On behalf of the GLENDAMA Project Team.
Q0957+561 was the first discovered gravitationally lensed quasar. The mirage shows two images of a radio-loud quasar at redshift z = 1.41. The time lag between these two images is well established around one year. We detected a very prominent variation in the optical brightness of Q0957+561A at the beginning of 2009, which allowed us to predict the presence of significant intrinsic variations in multi-wavelength light curves of Q0957+561B over the first semester of 2010. To study the predicted brightness fluctuations of Q0957+561B, we conducted an X-ray, NUV, optical and NIR monitoring campaign using both ground-based and space-based facilities. The continuum NUV-optical light curves revealed evidence of a centrally irradiated, standard accretion disk. In this paper, we focus on the radial structure of the standard accretion disk and the nature of the central irradiating source in the distant radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN).
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