In this paper, FeVO 4 materials were prepared via a facile hydrothermal method under different pHs and were developed as highly efficient biomimetic catalysts for the first time.Different FeVO 4 materials with different crystal structures, morphologies and surface properties showed distinct peroxidase-like activities. Experimental results showed that the products obtained at pH = 4 (FeVO 4 -4) possessed a belt-like nanostructure with a large BET specific surface area and exhibited the best intrinsic peroxidase-like activity compared to other FeVO 4 materials. FeVO 4 -4 nanobelts (NBs) could efficiently catalyze the oxidation of 3,3",5,5"-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H 2 O 2 to generate a blue oxide. Based on the highly efficient catalytic activity of FeVO 4 -4 NBs, a novel system for optical determination of H 2 O 2 was successfully established, and the detection limit of H 2 O 2 could reach 0.2 μM. FeVO 4 -4 NBs also exhibited excellent selectivity, reproducibility, long-term stability, and easy recovery property. Furthermore, a peroxidase mimetic mechanism of FeVO 4 -4 NBs was proposed based on the active species trapping experiments. This work developed a novel, accessible and highly sensitive system for visual detection of H 2 O 2 , making FeVO 4 -4 NBs a potential biomimetic catalysts in H 2 O 2 detection and biomedical analysis.