The mechanism of oxide film formation for drawing titanium

A review: research progress on the formation mechanism of porous anodic oxides

“…However, according to FAE theory, metal ions will be directly ejected into the electrolyte in the form of ions after they migrate to the E/O interface. 13,36,69–71 From this point of view, FAE theory is more reasonable than FAD theory.…”

“…In 2020, Suliali et al 19 connected the anodic current measured during TiO 2 growth and the kinetics of the redox reactions of water with a mathematical model of anodization reaction kinetics. In 2019, Byvaltsev 13 summarized seven models, including the model of mechanical stress and the model of point defects.…”

“… 80 Especially, the view that the existence of stress contributes to the transfer of oxides from the bottom of the tube to the wall is recognized by many scholars. 13,23 This explanation of the formation of the hemisphere is more advanced than the traditional FAD theory and FAE theory, because the model of ‘dig from top to bottom’ and the model of ‘ejection’ have no dynamic factors that reasonably promote the formation of a regular bottom surface. Although self-organization theory involves further analysis of the cause of the hemispherical bottom than previous theories (FAD theory and FAE theory), it still has the following shortcomings:…”

“…80 Especially, the view that the existence of stress contributes to the transfer of oxides from the bottom of the tube to the wall is recognized by many scholars. 13,23 This explanation of the formation of the hemispherical is more advanced than the traditional FAD theory and voltage influences the radius of the hemispherical bottom? This remains to be discussed.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Just as nanotubes are widely used, more and more nanotube preparation methods have been developed, such as hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, glancing angle deposition, multi-step anodization, pulse/stop anodization and template method. 5,[10][11][12][13][14][15] Compared to other preparation methods which have their own drawbacks, the anodization method can be convenient to prepare nanostructures with high regularity, and it has been widely used in research. 5 Although porous anodic oxides of valve metals (Al, Ti, Sn, etc.)…”