The Mechanism of Radiation Protection by Histamine and Other Biological Amines

Meer, C. van der; Bekkum, D.W. van

doi:10.1080/09553005914550041

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The mouse tissues are at a disadvantage in respect of oxy-genation; the haemoglobin saturation curve is relatively flat and displaced to the right (Schmidt-Neilson and Larimer, 1958) Bekkum, 1959). Furthermore, the relative lack of myohaemoglobin in this animal fails to provide a " store " of oxygen to feed back into the blood during conditions of induced general or local anoxia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute and chronic observations of mature and proliferating blood vessels following irradiation in vivo, (van den Brenk, 1956(van den Brenk, , 1957(van den Brenk, , 1959 have failed to show convincing evidence of capillary circulatory changes conducive to better oxygenation of adjacent tissues. Also, metabolites such as histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, exogenously administered and endogenously liberated, cause radioprotection by anoxic mechanisms (van den Brenk and Elliott, 1958;van der Meer and van Bekkum, 1959). Again, the relationship of tissue tension to haemodynamics is complex (Wright, 1937 ;Nichol et al, 1951van den Brenk et al, 1956, and the hypothesis that blood flow is passively dependent on tissue tension is a gross over-simplification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Single and Fractionated Doses of X-rays on Radiocurability of Solid Ehrlich Tumour and Tissue Reactions In Vivo, for Different Oxygen Tensions

Brenk¹,

Elliott²,

Hutchings³

1962

Br J Cancer

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IN a previous paper (van den Brenk, 1961a) the effect of breathing high pressure oxygen (OHP) on the cure rate of solid Ehrlich tumours by local X-irradiation in immunologically attenuated hybrid mice was reported. It was found that OHP gave a dosage reduction factor of 2-4 relative to that of breathing air at ambient pressure, and the LD50 dose was reduced from 4000 r (air) to 1670 r (OHP). However normal tissue reactions were found to be considerably enhanced by OHP, and other evidence was also presented to show that in mice breathing air, both normal tissues and tumour tissues were at suboptimal oxygen tensions in respect to radiosensitivity.These studies have been extended to determine the effect of tourniquet compression on cure rate and tissue reactions by irradiation, and the effect of fractionation of dose over limited periods and at different oxygen tensions. MATERIALS AND METHODSAs in previously reported experiments, hybrid Walter and Eliza Hall mice (40 g. weight) were used. The mice were given 400 rads whole body X-irradiation 24 hr. preceding inoculation of hind limbs (one per animal) with 106 hyperdiploid Ehrlich ascites (EAT) cells. After 7 days' growth the palpable tumours were irradiated using 250 kv X-rays in a specially constructed pressure vessel, and the details of the irradiation, dosimetry and apparatus have been described (van den Brenk, 1961a). Previous experiments had shown that 400 r whole body irradiation reduced the ED50/50 inoculation dose of EAT cells from 281 cells (untreated mice) to <10 cells (irradiated mice) if 24 hr. elapsed between irradiation and inoculation. If this interval was extended to 7 days the ED50/50 was increased to 31 cells. In the present experiments the doses were prescribed in rads, and the whole body dose increased somewhat (from 400 r to 400 rads). The tumour irradiations were performed under pentobarbital anaesthesia, and the dose of anaesthetic reduced from 70 to 50 mg. pentobarbital sodium per kg. weight, with a view to lessening barbiturate hypoxia (Moore, 1961) and the morbidity due to repeated anaesthesia in fractionation experiments. Also in the present experiments OHP pressures were reduced from 45 psi (gauge) pressure to 30 psi to reduce lethality due to possible oxygen poisoning at 45 psi.Whilst after care of the mice and scoring of tumour response were similar to that reported previously, scoring of local tissue reactions was modified to give more reproducible results, in accordance with the classification shown in Table I.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Single and Fractionated Doses of X-rays on Radiocurability of Solid Ehrlich Tumour and Tissue Reactions In Vivo, for Different Oxygen Tensions

Brenk¹,

Elliott²,

Hutchings³

1962

Br J Cancer

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“…Since the maximum dose-reduction factor which can be obtained for cells in culture or in vivo is approximately equal to the magnitude of the oxygen effect ( §11.8), the reversal of the oxygen effect was a potential explanation of chemical radioprotection. Similarly, pharmacological agents known to alter hemodynamics in vivo were thought to be radioprotective by interfering with the delivery of oxygen to irradiated tissue [461], It was shown early on that sulfhydryl radiopro tectors incubated in closed vessels can rapidly deplete the solution of its oxygen content [183]. The evidence for these two mechanisms of action is reviewed below.…”

Section: Suppression Of the Formation Of Reactive Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The topics are listed in this report only to indicate their logical place in the full spectrum of possible mechanisms of action of radioprotective drugs. [461]. Compounds to which this mechanism has been applied include the biogenic amines (histamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine) which exert specific pharmacological effects which were well recognized prior to the recognition of their anti-radiation potency.…”

Section: A Cardiovascular Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…than decrease the oxygen content [459]. Radioprotective tryptamines inhibit uptake of the dye neutral red into the spleen of mice, while non-protective congeners and amino thiols do not have this property [493], Also, specific pharmacologic antagonists abolish the radioprotective effects of histamine, epinephrine, carbaminoylcholine [461] and serotonin [455.456J. If these drugs are acting to reduce the delivery of oxygen in radiosensitive tissues, then physically increasing the amount of oxygen available for delivery should reverse this efu:t. Indeed pure oxygen respited at pressures up to 60 p.s.i.…”

Section: However Since the Biological Radioprotective Effect Is The mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical protection against ionizing radiation. Final report

Livesey¹,

Reed²,

Adamson³

1984

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Section II reviews the contributions of various natural factors which influence the inherent radiosensitivity of biological systems. Included in the list of these factors are water, oxygen, thiols, vitamins and antioxi-«• dants. Brief attention is given to the model describing competition between oxygen and natural radioprotective substances (principally, thiols) in deter mining the net cellular radiosensitivity. Several theories of the mechanism(s) of action of radioprotective drugs are described in Section III. These mechanisms include the production of hypoxia, detoxication of radiochemical reactive species, stabilization of the radiobiological target and the enhancement of damage repair processes. Section IV describes the current strategies for the treatment of radiation injury. Likely areas in which fruitful research might be performed are described in Section V. Appendices are devoted to lists of currently-funded research projects involving chemical radiation protection and a brief compendium of compounds which have been tested for radioprotective activity.

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Dithiocarbamic Acid and Derivatives

Schubart

2000

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical and Chemical Properties 3. Manufacture of Dithiocarbamate Salts 4. Transformation Products 4.1. Thiuram Sulfides 4.1.1. Thiuram Disulfides 4.1.2. Thiuram Monosulfides 4.1.3. Thiuram Trisulfides and Tetrasulfides 4.2. Thiocarbamoylsulfenamides 4.3. Thiocarbamoyl Chlorides 4.4. Dithiocarbamic Acid Esters 4.5. Heterocyclic Compounds 4.6. Other Derivatives 4.6.1. Dithiolanylium Salts 4.6.2. Alkylthioformimidic Chlorides 4.6.3. Isothiocyanates, Isocyanates, and Thioureas 4.7. Photolysis of Dithiocarbamates 5. Uses 5.1. Vulcanization Accelerators 5.2. Pesticides 5.3. Medical Applications 5.4. Radioprotective Agents 5.5. Imaging Technology 5.6. Other Uses 6. Toxicology and Occupational Health

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The Mechanism of Radiation Protection by Histamine and Other Biological Amines

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Single and Fractionated Doses of X-rays on Radiocurability of Solid Ehrlich Tumour and Tissue Reactions In Vivo, for Different Oxygen Tensions

Effect of Single and Fractionated Doses of X-rays on Radiocurability of Solid Ehrlich Tumour and Tissue Reactions In Vivo, for Different Oxygen Tensions

Chemical protection against ionizing radiation. Final report

Dithiocarbamic Acid and Derivatives

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