The Mechanisms of Anaemia in Trypanosomosis: A Review

Early stage leucocytosis in Nigerian pigs experimentally infected with <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>

“…Although pancytopenia constitutes a major hematological derangement feature of African trypanosomiases, nature and severity are often determined by specie, strain of infecting trypanosomes, parasitaemia and host factors (Mbaya et al, 2012;Kilekoung et al, 2014;Ukpai and Nwabuko, 2014) while the ability to control or resist the development of parasitemia and anemia had been identified as hallmarks of trypanotolerance in animals. Trypanosoma brucei brucei like other members of the T. brucei sub group, human infective, T. brucei gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense cause stage dependent pathology, characterized by early and late stage clinical diseases in animals that mimic sleeping sickness in man (Allam et al, 2011;Abenga, 2014) and are accompanied by variation in hematological changes depending on species and strain of trypanosome.…”

“…Furthermore observations in pigs will help provide the needed consensus of opinion on the pathology of African trypanosomiasis and enhance its control. Early phase of infection is believed to constitute the crisis phase for most trypanosome infected animals as the host immune system may be overcome and result to death of animals (Mbaya et al, 2012). Not much is known about the roles of leukocytes in trypanotolerance at this critical phase of infection.…”

Effects of Experimental Trypanosoma Congolense Infection on Sperm Morphology in Yankasa Rams

“…It is transmitted biologically (17) although mechanical (12) as well as congenital transmissions (14) (18,31,35). Although Adeyemo et al (3) studied the pathogenesis of T. congolense and T. brucei infections on West African Dwarf ram, while Sekoni (33) the effect of T. vivax on sperm morphology in Yankasa rams, there is no study on the effect of T. congolense on reproduction in Yankasa rams to the best of our knowledge.…”

Anti–trypanosomal effect of Peristrophe bicalyculata extract on Trypanosoma brucei brucei–infected rats

“…This has been attributed to the release of hemolytic factors into the animals blood by dead trypanosomes causing destruction of erythrocytes and hence, reduction in PCV [22,26] . It has also been reported that anaemia may be caused by erythrocyte injury caused by lashing action of trypanosome flagella, undulating pyrexia, platelet aggregation, toxins and metabolites from trypanosomes, lipid peroxidation and malnutrition [27] . The increase in PCV after treatment with fraction 2c at 100 and 200 mg/kg may be due to its ability to eliminate parasites from the blood, probably by reaching the site of action or rapid metabolization [4,28] .…”