The mechanisms of melanogenesis inhibition by glabridin: molecular docking, PKA/MITF and MAPK/MITF pathways

Investigation of the preparation, characterization, and whitening activity of co-amorphous glabridin and oxymatrine

“…Therefore, this concentration can be chosen for further experimental studies. This finding is similar to the results reported by Pan et al 49 Fig. 14a shows that compared to the control group, there is no significant change in cellular melanin content in the OMT group at the given concentration, indicating that OMT does not have a significant inhibitory effect on cellular melanin at this concentration.…”

“…An in vitro tyrosinase inhibition experiment was performed to study the co-amorphous Gla–OMT whitening activity. 48,49 Briefly, inhibition of tyrosinase was detected using 0.5 g L −1 l -DOPA solution as substrate. Different concentrations of Gla, OMT, and Gla–OMT co-amorphous solution (40 μL) and substrate solution containing 40 μL l -DOPA and 80 μL potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) were added to a 96-well plate.…”

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Hybrids Containing Dihydrochalcone as Tyrosinase Inhibitors to Treat Skin Hyperpigmentation

“…Purity of screening compounds was evaluated by NMR spectroscopy and HPLC analysis, and electron spray ionization (ESI) was used as an ion source. All compounds had purity ≥95% by HPLC (SHIMADZU Labsolutions, UV detection at λ = 254 nm) analysis on an Agilent C18 2,4-Bis(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde (15). Compound 14 (1 g, 7.24 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (3 g, 21.72 mmol), and benzyl bromide (3.44 mL, 28.96 mmol) were added to methanol.…”

“…The molecular mechanism for small-molecular compounds to inhibit melanosynthesis usually involves the inhibition of melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MiTF) . Melanogenesis is activated through the regulation of several intracellular signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, NO pathway, MAPK pathway, PI3K/Akt pathway, cAMP/MiTF-M signaling pathway, and MC1R/α pathway . MiTF is an integral regulator of these five major signaling pathways and plays a critical role in the control of gene expression of the enzymes tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosine-related protein 1 (TYRP-1), and tyrosine-related protein 2 (TYRP-2) …”

Cyanidin-3-glucoside protects the photooxidative damage of retinal pigment epithelium cells by regulating sphingolipid signaling and inhibiting MAPK pathway

“…Blue light disrupts calcium homeostasis in RPE cells, which decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and causes membrane lipid peroxidation [11]. JNK and p38 MAPK are activated by environmental stresses, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and oxidative stress [12,13]. Ceramide (Cer), which is the central molecule of sphingolipid metabolism, is an important modulator of cellular apoptosis and proliferation [14].…”