The Mechanisms of Milk Secretion

Neville, Margaret C.; Allen, Jonathan C.; Watters, Christopher

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3688-4_3

Cited by 66 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…Because lactose maintains the osmolarity of the milk, its rate of synthesis is the major factor influencing milk volume (Neville et al 1983;Cant et al 2002). This mechanism can explain the strong positive correlation between lactose yield and milk production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the rate of lactose synthesis in the epithelial cells of the mammary gland serves as a major factor influencing milk volume (Cant et al 2002;Neville et al 1983;Zhao and Keating 2007). Glucose is the main precursor of lactose synthesis in mammary gland epithelial cells (Neville et al 1983). However; a lactating mammary gland cannot synthesize glucose from other precursors due to the absence of glucose-6-phosphatase (Threadgold and Kuhn 1979) and so is dependent on the blood supply for its glucose requirement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations among milk production traits and glycosylated haemoglobin in dairy cattle; importance of lactose synthesis potential

et al. 2009

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Glucose is the major precursor of lactose synthesis in the mammary gland. Lactose the major carbohydrate and osmolyte of milk, controls milk volume and its concentration. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbG) is a retrospective measure of mean blood glucose level and it is largely unaffected by recent physiological conditions and environmental events. The purposes of this study were to determine the correlations between lactose traits and other milk production traits in dairy cattle and to investigate whether HbG level can be correlated with milk and lactose production traits. Here, HbG percentage, milk and lactose production traits including milk yield, lactose, protein, SNF, total solid and fat percentages and yields were measured in 485 second calved Iranian Holstein cattle. Statistically significant negative correlations were established between HbG and milk yield (r=−0.88), lactose yield (r=−0.83), SNF yield (r=−0.81), protein yield (r=−0.79) and total solid yield (r=−0.74). Positive correlations were established between lactose yield and milk (r=0.96), protein (r=0.81), SNF (r=0.92) and total solid (r=0.79) yields. The negative correlation between HbG and milk and total lactose production is Vet Res Commun (2010) probably related to the higher glucose demands in the lactating mammary gland of more productive cows. The positive correlation between lactose yield and milk, protein, SNF and total solid yield indicates that the level of lactose synthesis influences milk production traits in ways other than merely via its osmolytic action.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations among milk production traits and glycosylated haemoglobin in dairy cattle; importance of lactose synthesis potential

et al. 2009

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“…Most of the protein in milk is synthesised in the lactocytes (80 -90 %) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, transferred to the Golgi apparatus, packaged into secretory vesicles and secreted into the alveolar lumen by exocytosis (101) . Other proteins such as albumin, secretory IgA (sIgA), IgG and insulin are taken up from the blood by endocytosis at the basolateral membrane and transported through the cytosol to the apical membrane of the lactocyte and either released directly into the alveolar lumen or secreted with the milkspecific proteins.…”

Section: Unique Nutritional Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of lactation: nutritionv.protection with special reference to five mammalian species

2008

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The evolutionary origin of the mammary gland has been difficult to establish because little knowledge can be gained on the origin of soft tissue organs from fossil evidence. One approach to resolve the origin of lactation has compared the anatomy of existing primitive mammals to skin glands, whilst another has examined the metabolic and molecular synergy between mammary gland development and the innate immune system. We have reviewed the physiology of lactation in five mammalian species with special reference to these theories. In all species, milk fulfils dual functions of providing protection and nutrition to the young and, furthermore, within species the quality and quantity of milk are highly conserved despite maternal malnutrition or illness. There are vast differences in birth weight, milk production, feeding frequency, macronutrient concentration, growth rate and length of lactation between rabbits, quokkas (Setonix brachyurus), pigs, cattle and humans. The components that protect the neonate against infection do so without causing inflammation. Many protective components are not unique to the mammary gland and are shared with the innate immune system. In contrast, many of the macronutrients in milk are unique to the mammary gland, have evolved from components of the innate immune system, and have either retained or developed multiple functions including the provision of nourishment and protection of the hatchling/neonate. Thus, there is a strong argument to suggest that the mammary gland evolved from the inflammatory response; however, the extensive protection that has developed in milk to actively avoid triggering inflammation seems to be a contradiction.

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“…Therefore, the rate of lactose synthesis in the epithelial cells of the mammary gland serves as a major factor influencing milk volume (Neville et al, 1983;Cant et al, 2002;Zhao and Keating, 2007). Because lactose is the major osmotic molecule in milk it is tempting to suggest that many QTL detected for milk yield are due to the genetic factors related to lactose synthesis and secretion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative trait loci affecting lactose and total solids on chromosome 6 in Brazilian Gir dairy cattle

Silva

Azevedo

Gasparini³

et al. 2011

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Fourteen Brazilian Gir sire families with 657 daughters were analyzed for quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 6 affecting lactose and total solids. Cows and sires were genotyped with 27 microsatellites with a mean spacing between markers of 4.9 cM. We used a 1% chromosome-wide threshold for QTL qualification. A QTL for lactose yield was found close to marker MNB66 in three families. A QTL for total solid yield was identified close to marker BMS2508 in three families. A QTL for lactose percentage, close to marker DIK1182, was identified in two families. A QTL for total solid percentage, close to marker MNB208, was identified in four families. These QTLs could be used for selection of animals in dairy production systems.

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The Mechanisms of Milk Secretion

Cited by 66 publications

References 191 publications

Associations among milk production traits and glycosylated haemoglobin in dairy cattle; importance of lactose synthesis potential

Associations among milk production traits and glycosylated haemoglobin in dairy cattle; importance of lactose synthesis potential

Evolution of lactation: nutritionv.protection with special reference to five mammalian species

Quantitative trait loci affecting lactose and total solids on chromosome 6 in Brazilian Gir dairy cattle

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